48 REPORT ON THE FIG MOTH IN SMYRNA. 
forms. No living pupe were found at any time before October, 
those seen later having resulted from the same year’s supply of 
larve. Empty cocoons were found in abundance in some of the 
“khans ” before their cleaning, but these could have no possible bear- 
ing on the infestation of the coming crop. 
During August and early September the figs as they reach the 
“khans” are apparently free from “ worms,” yet if many are broken 
open and examined they will be found to contain young larve. In 
October conditions are different. About piles of refuse figs many 
full-grown larve may be seen crawling up the walls. (See Pl. XI, 
figs 1,2.) This is not due to the fact that larve are more abundant 
in October, but that the figs have remained so long inland that the 
larve have matured and are leaving the figs to pupate. A small 
percentage pupates within the figs, and the adults may even issue in 
October in the “ khans,” but these moths do not cause the infestation 
of the crop, and are too few in number and issue too late to do any 
damage. 
The first adult seen in a “khan” was on August 31. <A single in- 
dividual was found and its presence was purely accidental. Later 
than the middle of September adults were occasionally seen about 
the “khans,” but in very small numbers. They were as often seen 
in screened “ khans” as in open ones, showing that they had largely 
issued from figs which came into the “khans” since the first of the 
season. 
On different occasions piles of figs in the “ khans” were watched 
by mght with lanterns and in no case were more than 4 or 5 adults 
seen in an evening. When we compare this with the hundreds of 
moths seen flying over piles of figs in “ depots” of the interior there 
can be little question where infestation begins. 
INFESTATION IN STEAMERS DURING OCEAN TRANSIT. 
Further opportunity for infestation occurs while the figs are en 
route to America. To determine positively if they are attacked at 
this period a large consignment of figs was accompanied from 
Smyrna to New York, frequent observations being made. No 
Ephestia adults were seen in the hold at any time, but larve were 
commonly observed that had escaped from the boxes of figs during 
shipment. (See Pl. XIII, fig. 2.) No larve were seen about the 
bags of “naturals,” or unpacked figs. In fact, figs shipped in bags 
are generally so badly crushed and macerated that no larve can sur- 
vive in them. (See Pl. XII, fig. 1, and Pl. XIII, fig. 1.) 
THE PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF INFESTATION. 
To summarize, infestation of the figs begins in or near the orchards 
in the interior of Asia Minor, before the dried fruit has reached 
