LEAFHOPPERS OF THE SUGAR BEET. 51 



Agallia sanguinolenta Prov. is the most abundant species of the ge- 

 nus in the Avestern country and is found in all fields. Together with 

 A. uhleri this species has been observed to do considerable damage in 

 the Arkansas Valley, in Colorado, and around Lehi, in Utah. The 

 nymphs appear early in Juno and mature in the last half of July and 

 the first half of August, a few running on through the month. 



Agallia cinerea Osborn and Ball is found almost exclusively on the 

 "shad scale" of desert regions, and from this adults often fly 

 to near-by fields of beets. It was common at Grand Junction 

 and Loma, Colo., and at Monroe, Utah. Under the hot desert condi- 

 tions the njnnphs appear in June and mature the last half of Jidy, 

 while on the beets they do not mature until some time later. 



Agallia higeloviw Baker occurs in abundance on a tall species of 

 sea-blite (Dondia) growing on alkaline soil, and has been found in 

 the beet fields at Grand Junction and Palisades, Colo. 



Agallia quadripunctata Prov. and A. novella Say belong to the 

 other group of the genus and pass the winter as partially grown 

 nymphs, which change to adults in late May and June. The nymphs 

 appear again in August and develop slowly until fall, when they 

 hibernate. These two species and A. sanguinolenta are discussed by 

 Osborn and Ball (Iowa Experiment Station Report for 1897, p. 112), 

 the nymphs and adults being figured and the life histories given. The 

 dates given there are, however, too early for western conditions. 

 This group thrives best in damp situations where rank vegetation 

 abounds, and will not do any serious damage to beets unless planted 

 alongside places of this character, from which the nymphs can mi- 

 grate in early spring. By the time the adults are mature and ready 

 to fly, the beets are well started and beyond their injury. 



Eiwpoasca sp. — A large number of adults of a small green Em- 

 poasca were found on sugar beets at Spreckels, Cal., in early Septem- 

 ber by Prof. E. G. Titus and the writer. The beet crop was not 

 seriously injured, but a number of beets were found in which there 

 was a slight curling of the leaves resembling " curly-leaf," except that 

 in this case the edges of the leaf turned down rather than up, and 

 the surface of the leaf, instead of being roughened, was covered with 

 small pale spots. This pale spotting of the leaves is quite charac- 

 teristic of the injury of the Empoascas and their relatives and is com- 

 monly seen on apple and rose leaves. The insects were all adults at 

 this time, so that it was impossible to be certain that they had bred 

 on the beets, but from the aj^pearance of the leaves it is probable that 

 they had. The nym[)hs of nearly all of this group are slender, pale- 

 greenish forms and are found mostly on the underside of the leaf, 

 while the white spots caused by their punctures show more plainly on 

 the upper surface. 



6G— IV 



