THE HOP FLEA-BEETLE. 91 " 



abouts, and thrown into hot water, and after dr3an<r will be available 

 for use in other seasons. 



If, with another year's experience, we could ascertain how best to 

 control the insect, either by killing the beetles with arsenate of lead 

 or other arsenical, kerosene emulsion, or Avhale-oil soap, or by destroy- 

 ing the larvae in the ground, the problem would be partially solved. 

 One, two, or perhaps even three of these remedies might be used in 

 combination and excellent results obtained. In any case, if we can 

 partially control the insects by any one of them w^e should not forget 

 that cultural remedies, and especially clean culture, are the most 

 valuable remedies that can possibly be employed against insect pests. 

 Indeed, with many species, if cultural practices were properly fol- 

 lowed out, with the cooperation of our neighbors, insecticides would 

 in the course of time, after the balance of nature had been restored, 

 seldom be needed save in case of severe outbreaks, which are likely 

 to occur more or less spasmodically with most of our noxious insects. 



LITERATURE. 



A complete bibliography of this species is appended and only a 

 brief review of published accounts need be given. The original 

 description of the species appeared in 1847,^ and it Avas not until 

 twenty years later that we had any record of the insect's habits. In 

 18GT Fitch- wrote a two-page account regarding injury to cucumber, 

 rhubarb, and radish, furnishing notes on a parasitic natural enemy. 

 In 1884 our first account of injur}^ to hops, a brief one, was written 

 by Dr. J. B. Smith.'' These accounts were followed by one from 

 Piper" on injuries to certain truck crops in Washington State in 1895 

 and by Doane '^ of similar injuries in 1900. The writer' noted the 

 abundance of the species on rhubarb near Washington, D. C., in 1897. 

 Forbes and Hart " have given a brief account of the insect from the 

 standpoint of its injuries to sugar beet in Illinois, and Fletcher^"-" 

 published two accounts of the species in 1904 and 1907, respectively. 

 In 1908 was published H. J. Quayle's article,'- in which first mention 

 is made of the larval habits of the insect. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1. Mfxrhktmer. F. E.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. Ill, p. 166, 1847. 



Original doscriptlDn from Pennsylvania as Ualtica punctuluia n. sp. 



2. Fitch, As.\.— 11th Kept. Ins. New York, pp. 3S-40, 1867. 



A 'J-paj^e acfount with mention of food plants and a parasite ; ob-served feeding on 

 cucumber, rhubarb, and radish. 



3. Fitch, Asa.— IH'd Ann. Keg. Rural Affairs. 1867-8-9, Vol. V. p. 204, 1.S7.3. 



A brief note, with mention of attack on cucumber and melon. 



4. Smith, J. B.— Bui. 4, o. s., Div. Ent., T^ S. Dept. A.cr., p. 50, 1884. 



M(>r(> mention of occurrence in hopyards, where the beetles eat small holes in the 

 leaves, doing no gre:it damage. 



5. Horn. G. H.— Trans. Amor. Ent. Soc. Vol. XVI. pp. .310. .311, .310, 1880. 



Revised technical description, distribution, and systematic bibliography. 

 66— VI 



