38 SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO TRUCK CROPS. 



RECORD AT MONROE, UTAH. 



In Monroe, Sevier County, the season opened early, and the beets 

 were nearly all planted in April. An examination April 22, as men- 

 tioned above, failed to discover a single leaf hopper. 



On June 2G, on a second visit, nearly all the beets were in fine 

 shape, with leaves touching in the rows, and only lacking a few 

 inches of touching across rows. The leafhoppers were present in 

 every patch, both adults and very small nymphs, and occasionally a 

 larger nymph was seen. Mr. Fred Gould, field superintendent, said 

 that he had observed the adults for some time. There were more leaf- 

 hoppers on the older patches than on the late planted ones, indicating 

 that they had migrated in before the younger beets were far enough 

 advanced to attract them. 



On July 25 the leafhoppers had increased in numbers, averaging 

 from 10 to 20 to a beet on the earlier ])atches. Adult males were com- 

 mon, showing that the nymphs had commenced to change to adults 

 again. All stages of nymphs were still common, however. 



On September 14 the numbers of leafhoppers were beginning to 

 decrease. Several countings gave an average of 7 males to 5 females 

 and 5 large nymphs. The dissection of a number of females showed 

 no eggs developed as yet, and there seemed little doubt that they 

 would hibernate. 



OTHER RECORDS IN UTAH. 



A field belonging to a Mr. Irons at Moroni, Sanpete County, was 

 visited June 27, and an average of one leafhopper to every two beets 

 was found. Mr. Irons, who is a very careful observer, said that they 

 had been there for some time'. A careful search was made for the 

 nymphs, but none was found. This was by far the worst infested 

 field in the county, the average being less than one insect to ten beets. 



July 2G adults and nymphs were about equally common, and few of 

 either. 



In the Cache Valley and the rest of the northern end of the State 

 the leafhoppers did not appear in sufficient numbers to enable one 

 to make any life-history notes. On this account all cage experiments 

 were transferred to Lehi. 



CAGE EXPERIMENTS, LEHI, UTAH. 



The field observations on life history were all checked by cage 

 experiments (PI. IV, figs. 2, 3). Cages 1 to 3 were failures, through 

 the adults escaping from the material used. Later a very fine silk 

 scrim was used and proved satisfactory for the life-history work, but 

 was too closely meshed to obtain normal temperature and moisture 

 conditions inside. All cages were run in pairs on similar beets, one 

 with insects and one without, as a check on the injury to the beet. 



