1920] Holland: Entomology in North America 5 



of the California Academy of Natural Sciences," which began 

 to appear in 1854. The first series of this latter journal consists 

 of seven volumes, in which there are a number of valuable 

 papers upon entomological subjects from the pens of Dr. Her- 

 man Behr, Henry Edwards, and others. It is a set of books now 

 hard to get, as the greater part of the volumes were burned in a 

 fire. In 1848 the Sxnithsonian Institution began to publish, and 

 in the "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections," and the 

 "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" there were issued 

 some important entomological papers. 



Shortly after Say had begun in Philadelphia to give to the 

 world the results of his researches, Thaddeus William Harris 

 in the "New England Farmer" and the "Massachusetts Agri- 

 cultural Repository" commenced to publish upon the Insects 

 of Massachusetts, and continued until his death in 1856 to 

 write instructively upon various insects injurious, or useful, and 

 contributed a number of important papers of a descriptive and 

 systematic nature to the literature. Harris was only second to 

 Say as a pioneer in this field of inquiry, and his "List of the 

 Insects of Massachusetts," published at Amherst by Professor 

 Hitchcock in 1833, and his "Report on the Insects of Massa- 

 chusetts Injurious to Vegetation" (which in an edition revised 

 by Flint, is still a classic) greatly helped to develop an interest 

 in economic entomology. 



There were a few ardent and industrious students of ento- 

 mology in the United States who labored during the half cen- 

 tury preceding the Civil War besides those whom I have already 

 mentioned. We owe gratitude to Melsheimer, Haldeman, 

 Baron Osten Sacken, (the latter a member of the Russian 

 Legation in Washington) and to Morris, as well as to Hagen, 

 who was an importation from Europe, brought over by the 

 elder Agassiz. Beside these there were a score or more of 

 others, who were collecting, studying, classifying, preparing to 

 give to the world the results of their labors, but belonging to a 

 younger generation which was just about to appear upon the 

 stage. They may be said to have been simply pluming their 

 wings for flight at the end of the epoch of which I am speaking. 

 They were triumphant in achievement at a later date, and a 

 few, very few of them, survive to this day as the grizzled 

 veterans of half a century ago. 



