158 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XIII, 



living wells throb with the sap of growth from which the witch 

 drinks and becomes the giant mother of two or three hundred 

 sireless daughters born at the season when sap runs freely and 

 growth is easy. These in turn give birth to unfathered daugh- 

 ters threatened with disaster. A thousand hungry beaks drain 

 the castle wells of their sap. The floors run with honey dew, and 



II. Life Cycle of Eriosoma lanigera. Woolly Aphid of the Apple. 



Seven Generations. 



May I. Stem-mother (hatching from overwintering egg; causing and 



developing in rosetted leaf cluster of American 



Elm). 



June II. Apterous viviparous female (developing in elm-leaf rosette). 



June- July III. Alate viviparous female (spring migrant flying from elm to 



I apple). 



July IV. Apterous viviparous female (developing on stem of water- 



I shoot or tender bark of apple). 



August V. Apterous viviparous female (developing on bark of apple — 



I branch or root). 



September. 



VI. Apterous viviparous VI. Alate viviparous female. Fall 



female remaining on migrant flying from apple to 



apple bark. elm. 



VII. Overwintering nymph, VII. Apterous laeakless male 



hibernating about and 



crown of apple tree. Apterous beakless oviparous 



female. 



I. Overwintering egg in crevice of 

 elm bark. 



(This outline is in accordance with the Maine schedule, in which connection 

 it might be stated that the overwintering nymphs are, for the most part, a luckles^ 

 lot. Prociphiliis tes sella ta, however, which exhibits similar parallel cycles brings 

 through the hibernating nymphs with much success). 



mold appears. The murderous gangs of capsid, beetle and 

 syrphid enter. And lo, the aphid but unfurls her migrant wings 

 and seeks the juicy stem of an apple, clean and unknown to the 

 enemies of her kind. Her daughters, lacking the leafy shelter of 

 the elm, throw between them and the sun a waxy fluff and 

 thrive. But her great-granddaughters find the bark of the 



