!224 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XIII, 



another place he says that feeding is limited to the female, the 

 digestive system of the male being rudimentary. 



Quaintance (1902) made a series of careful observations 

 upon the brood which emerged in Maryland during the early 

 summer of 1902. He was able to find numerous insects, both 

 male and female, apparently feeding upon the branches of young 

 fruit trees. He snipped off an insect's proboscis while the 

 latter was embedded in the bark of a twig and shows a photo- 

 graph of a section of this bark pierced by the setae. He states 

 that he found that the alimentary tract was not rudimentary 

 in either sex, although he attempts no description nor gives 

 any figures to prove his statement. 



Hargitt (1903) suggested that there seems to be a complete 

 atrophy of the hind gut at the time of emergence while the mid- 

 gut undergoes an increase in size until the abdomen is almost 

 entirely hollow. He suggests that this condition represents an 

 adaptation enabling the insect to make use of the stored fat, 

 using this food to the exclusion of plant juices. 



Marlatt (1907) in a revision of his earlier bulletin corrects 

 his former statements regarding the feeding habits of the 

 •cicada. He is convinced of the possibility of feeding by the 

 observation of Quaintance, but still questions whether the 

 ■cicada necessarily takes food. 



In an unpublished paper by R. L. Henderson, under the 

 direction of Dr. Hargitt, to which we have had access, numerous 

 •observations were recorded which have proven valuable in 

 this study. Although Henderson did not work out the digestive 

 system completely, his account shows that he had identified 

 and traced the course of certain parts of the canal. 



Dufour" ('33) describes and figures the digestive system of 

 'Cicada orni.- In general his findings are very similar to those 

 here presented for Tibicen septendecim, except that he did not 

 recognize the complication of crop and "internal gland." 

 According to Dufour the esophagus dilates posteriorly to make 

 the crop. The crop continues into the "poche du ventricule 

 ■chylifique. " Then follows a smaller much-coiled tube which 

 finally runs forward, apparently emptying into the anterior 

 portion of. the "ventricule chylifique." The crop gives off a 

 lateral diverticulum which continues posteriorly as a narrow, 

 much-coiled tube and finally empties into a short rectal division 

 which ends at the anal opening. 



