II) 



MOLLUSCA. 



[TttACHELIPODA. 



Montagu mentions a variety with two brown bands on the body, found by him at 

 Southampton, where it is not uncommon. 



4. P. crassior, pi. X, f. 43.— First Ed., pi. 46, f. 43; Turbo crassior ; Montagu, 

 p. 309, pi. 20, f. 1 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 159; Fleming, Brit. 

 An., p. 299; Turbo pallidus, Donovan, V, pi. 178, f. 4; Walker, f. 24. 



Shell strong, thick, opaque, conic, with five rounded volutions, flattened above, 

 and subcarinated, separated by a deep suture, and terminating in an acute apex ; body 

 with a few indistinct, nearly obsolete, spiral stria?; aperture sub-orbicular, white ; 

 pillar lip slightly wrinkled ; outer lip rather thin ; colour cream-white, covered by a 

 yellowish-brown epidermis. 



This species is nearly allied to P. canalis, but may readily be distinguished from 

 it. being longer in proportion to its breadth, in its volutions being more produced, and 

 the body shorter in proportion to the superior volutions. In the young state there 

 are sometimes indications of a groove and umbilicus at the base of the columella, but 

 which is always closed up in the adult condition. 



Inhabits the coast of Sandwich, Biddeford Bay, and the coast of Wales ; plentiful 

 in the Frith of Forth and Dublin Bay. 



. : ). V. scripta, pi. IX, f. 21. — Fust Ed., pi. 50, f. 21; Maton and Racket, Linn. 

 Trans., VIII, p. 185; Adams, Linn. Trans., Ill, p. 66, pi. 13, f. 17-18. 



Shell smooth, opaque; spire with two rounded, deeply-divided volutions; apex ob- 

 tuse; body large, nearly three times the length of the spire; aperture sub-rotund; 

 body with three brown lines, or bands, resembling characters, such as those on the 

 Lichens scriptus, which, however, can only be distinguished by the aid of a lens, 

 as they appear continuous to the naked eye. Inhabits the coast of Pembrokeshire. 



6. P. cornea, pi. X, f. 47 First Ed., pi. 46, f. 47. 



Shell smooth, taper; spire consisting of five slightly divided volutions terminating 

 in an acute apex ; body nearly double the length of the spire ; aperture semi-ovate, 

 pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella, and broadest beneath; outer lip thin, 

 a little inflected ; colour reddish fawn. Length upwards of seven-eighths of an inch ; 

 breadth of body three-eighths. I found this shell at Portobello, near Edinburgh. 

 In Lady Jardine's Cabinet. 



7. P. stylifera t pi. X, f. 40-41 .—First Ed., pi. 46, f. 40-41. Turton, m 

 Zoological Journal, II, p. 367, pi. 13, f. 11. 



Shell oval, yellowish horn-colour, transparent, with five smooth volutions, the 

 body one being very tumid, and those of the spire extremely small, and diminishing 

 abruptly, terminating in an acute point; aperture sub-orbicular, with the margin 

 disunited at top, and extremely thin, destitute of an operculum ; towards the pillar 

 side, the colour becomes more intensely rufous. Length a line, breadth not so 

 much. 



Dr Turton says, ** The sudden and extremely minute volume of the three apical 

 volutions — in this respect resembling the Valuta bulloides — distinguishes it from 

 all the other minute turbinated shells." 



A dozen specimens of this pretty shell were found adhering to the spines of the 

 Echinus esculentus, dredged up in Torbay by Dr Turton. 



8. P. fasdata, pi. X, f. 54 First Ed., pi. 46, f. 54. Helix fasciata. 



Adams, in Linn. Trans., V, p. 5, pi. 1, f. 20-21 ; Montagu, p. 446. 



Shell thin, smooth, white, with three volutions; the body one ventricose ; the 

 spire depressed ; aperture dilated, columella sub-umbilicated; the body with three 

 transverse bands of a rich marone colour, the middle one broad, and the lateral 

 ones narrow. Length an eighth and a half of an inch. Inhabits the coast of Pem- 

 brokeshire. 



9. /'. bifasciata, pi- X, f. 44-45.— First Ed., pi. 46, f. 44-45. 



Shell smooth, ventricose, consisting of four volutions ; the spire very short, 

 »nd body very large and rounded; volutions distinctly divided; aperture semi-ovate, 

 narrow above, and rounded below ; outer lip thin, expanding ; pillar lip broadly re- 

 flected on the columella, with an oblong furrow in its centre; apex somewhat ob* 

 tusc; colour creain-white ; body with two very broad umber-brown bands which 

 are visible inside of the aperture, and the volutions with one each at their base. 

 Length three-eighths of an inch. Found at Portobello, adhering to Alga 1 , by Gen- 

 eral Bingham. 



10. P. striata, pi. X, f. 49.— First Ed., pi. 46, f. 49. 



Shell smooth, horn-coloured ; spire small, consisting of two well defined volu- 

 tions, apex rather obtuse; body elongated ; taper at the base; with very minute 

 spiral stria-, not discernible but by the aid of a lens; aperture oblong-ovatr, point- 

 ed at both extremities ; outer lip somewhat expanded, thickened, inflected above, 

 and thin below ; pillar lip reflected on the columella, with an elongated sub-umbilicus 

 un its centre. Length a quarter of an inch ; breadth about an eighth. Found at the 

 Ro<:k of St Skae, Forfarshire. 



Genus XVII. — Rissoa — Desmarest. 



Shell univalve, spiral, oblong, or turreted; not umbilicatcd, often 

 ribbed ; aperture entire, oval, oblique, dilated, rather angular above, 

 and with a slight sinus at the base; lips entirely or nearly united, 

 the outer one often thickened, its edges not reflected ; with a tes- 

 taceous operculum. 



1. R. calathisca, pi. IX, f. 4 Pyramis calathiscus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 4; 



Turbo calatkucvs, Montagu, Sup. p. 132, pi. 30, f. 5; Cingula calathUca ; Flem- 

 ing, Brit. An., p. 305. 



Shell conic; spire with five abruptly tapering volutions; on the body are eight 

 transverse spiral series of tubercles ; on the lower volution of the spire four rows, and 

 afterwards one less on each succeeding volution, and lost in the apex, which is acute ; 

 the whole shell has a fine cancellated appearance to the naked eye ; aperture subor- 

 bicular, margin white; the outer lip denticulated within ; no reflection of the inner 

 lip on the columella ; colour deep burnt umber-brown. Length a quarter of an inch ; 

 breadth more than half its length. Inhabits the shores of the Island of Jura, one of 

 the Hebrides. 



2. R. turricula, pi. IX, f. 18. — Pyramis turriculus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 18. 

 Shell subconic ; spire about half the length of the body, with four turreted, slightly 



raised volutions, tapering to rather an obtuse apex ; aperture semiovate, somewhat 

 pointed above ; outer lip thin, continuous with the inner lip, which is broadly re- 

 flected on the columella ; the body and two under volutions with strong, smooth, 

 glossy, longitudinal ribs ; colour rusty-brown, inside pinkish-brown. Length not 

 quite a quarter of an inch ; breadth about two-thirds its length. Found by the Rev. 

 Dr Goodall, late Provost of Eton College, on the Devonshire coast. In his Cabinet. 



3. R. labiosa, pi. VIII, f. 19.— Pyramis labiosus ; First Ed., pi. 51, f. 19; 

 Turbo labiosus; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 164; Helix labiosu, 

 Montagu, p. 400, pi. 13, f. 7 ; Cingula labiosa ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 



Shell subconic, subpellucid, of a light horn colour ; spire with six, and sometimes 

 seven flattish volutions, separated by a fine suture, terminating tn an acute apex, which 

 is frequently of a purplish colour ; body about double the length of the spire ; pro- 

 vided with from twelve to fifteen faint ribs on the three under volutions ; upper vo- 

 lutions of the spire smooth ; aperture placed slightly oblique, extremely glossy within, 

 semiovate ; outer lip white, much expanded, and thickened within, with its margins 

 thin, and a little reflexed, and usually of a purplish-brown ; the back a little gibbous, 

 and generally whiter than the rest of the shell ; pillar lip considerably reflected on 

 the columella, which is undulated within, forming a small elevation, somewhat like 

 an obsolete tooth. Length rather more than a quarter of an inch ; breadth about 

 half its length. Found at Falmouth and various other places in Cornwall, Devon- 

 shire, and Dorsetshire, and Welsh coasts, and Frith of Forth. 



4. R. obtitsa, pi. IX, f. 27, 28 Pyramis obtusus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 27, 28. 



Shell strong, glossy, white, and opaque, with four inflated well defined volutions ; 



body very large in proportion to the spire, which terminates in an obtuse smooth de- 

 pressed volution; the whole shell with thick, longitudinal, numerous, slightly waved 

 ribs, strongly striated transversely, giving it 3 somewhat tuberculated appearance ; 

 aperture obliquely ovate ; outer lip very strong, separated from the body at its upper 

 margin, continuous both above and below ; inner lip reflected on the columella, nar- 

 rowish above, and widening as it descends, with a slight sub-umbilicus. Length a 

 tenth of an inch ; breadth two-thirds its length. Found at St Fergus' Bay, Peter- 

 head, by General Bingham, and in his Cabinet. 



5. R. Binghami, pi. IX, f. 29.— Pyramis Binghami ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 29. 

 Shell with six volutions gradually tapering to an obtuse apex, and separated by a 



threadlike suture, which becomes obsolete in the upper volutions, with strong de- 

 pressed longitudinal ribs, which reach only to the junction of the outer lip on the 

 body ; apex smooth, with distant transverse stria?, producing a cancellated appear- 

 ance ; from the junction of the lip the lower part of the body is provided with very 

 distinct close-set transverse stria?, which continue to the base of the shell, and so 

 strong as almost to be entitled to be called ribs, and even cross the inner lip at top ; 

 these are seen in the interior of the shell through the aperture, and also on the outer 

 lip ; aperture semiovate, a little straitened above ; outer lip strong ; inner lip narrow 

 above, and gradually widening as it descends ; whole shell of a deep flesh colour. 

 Length an eighth and a half of an inch ; breadth half its length. Found in St Fer- 

 gus' Bay, near Peterhead, by General Bingham. 



6. R. conifcra, pi. IX, f. 68 First Ed., pi. 50, f. 68 ; Turbo coniferus ; Mon- 

 tagu, p. 314, pi. 15, f. 2; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 173; Cingula 

 conifera ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 306. 



Shell strong, taper white, provided with six volutions, terminating in rather an ob- 

 tuse smooth apex ; the whole shell furnished with about twelve undulating ribs, in- 

 terrupted only by a fine suture; the interstices between them, at the top of each 

 volution, are formed into small cavities, producing a scolloped or denticulated appear- 

 ance, and is continuous throughout the suture ; the ribs are crossed by minute close- 

 set transverse striee, which can only be seen by the aid of a lens ; aperture oval, 

 oblique; outer lip strong, continuous; pillar lip broadly reflected on the columella. 

 Length a quarter of an inch ; breadth a third of its length. Found at Weymouth, 

 Dorsetshire. 



7. R. sulcata, pi. IX, f. 69.— Pyramis sulcatvs ; First Ed., pi 50, f. 69. 

 Shell thick, white, and glossy, with six volutions, those of the spire but slightlv 



raised, and tapering to rather an obtuse apex ; with fourteen or fifteen longitudinal 

 ribs ; body nearly double the length of the spire ; aperture oblong oval ; outer lip 

 thick, broad, and somewhat flattened in front, and continuous ; pillar lip narrow 

 above, and gradually widening as it descends. Length three-eighths of an inch ; 

 breadth about half its length. Found at Dunbar by General Bingham. 



8. R.fuscata, pi. IX, f. ~2.—Pyra7nisfuscatns; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 72. 



