Involute.] 



MOLLUSCA. 



I I 



Shell glossy, with seven volutions ; the body and lower volution of the spire much 

 inflated, the remaining volutions smooth, abruptly tapering to an acute apex; lower 

 volution of the spire and body with eleven strong longitudinal ribs, those of the 

 body extending above, a little way beyond the suture of the spire, and below only 

 reaching to about the middle of the venter ; aperture subrotund ; outer lip thickened 

 by a rib behind ; pillar lip broadly reflected on the columella; shell of a pale fuscous 

 brown. Length an eighth and a half of an inch ; breadth not half its length. I 

 found this elegant little shell at Port Seaton, Frith of Forth. 



9. R. costata, pi. IX, f. 74. — Pyramis costatus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 74 ; Turbo 

 costatus; Montagu, p. 311, pi. 10, f. 6; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, 

 p. 165; Turbo crassus ; Adam's Micros, pi. 14, f. 20; Cingula costata; Fleming, 

 Brit. An., p.*305. 



Shell strong, white, subpellucid, glossy ; with four or five convex volutions, those 

 of the spire well defined by the line of the suture ; furnished with strong, prominent, 

 oblique ribs ; the whole shell very finely striated transversely, most conspicuous be- 

 tween the ribs ; apex obtuse ; aperture semiovate ; outer lip mui'h expanded, bor- 

 dered by a strong prominent sulcated rim, concentrically striated in the depression ; 

 a ridge rises at the aperture, and runs transversely backwards, then descends and joins 

 to the margin of the lip behind ; this ridge is bordered above by a fine slender groove 

 where the longitudinal ribs terminate. The aperture, with its surrounding lips, ap- 

 pears distinctly separated fiom the body of the shell. Length an eighth of an inch ; 

 breadth about a third of its length. Found on the coasts of Sandwich, Devonshire, 

 Dorsetshire, Cornwall, and the Frith of Forth. 



10. R. Candida, pi. IX, f. 75 — Pyramis albus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 75. 

 Shell strong, glossy, white ; with five gently tapering slightly raised volutions ending 



in an obtuse, smooth apex ; the whole covered with numerous close-set longitudinal 

 nearly straight ribs ; body almost double the length of the spire ; aperture semiovate, 

 slightly contracted above; outer lip a little thickened; inner lip narrow above, but 

 gradually widening as it descends. Length an eighth and a half of an inch; breadth 

 not quite half its length. Found by me at Belton Sands, near Dunbar. 



11. R. lactea, pi. IX, f. 77 Pyramis nidens ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 77. 



Shell strong, white, glossy, consisting of seven taper very slightly raised volutions, 

 terminating in a smooth rather obtuse apex ; body and spire of equal length ; the 

 whole provided with numerous close-set longitudinal slightly oblique ribs ; aperture 

 semiovate, oblique, slightly contracted above; outer lip a little thickened by a rib 

 behind ; inner lip narrow above, and expanding as it descends. Length nearly a 

 quarter of an inch ; breadth about a third its length. Found by me at Dunbar. 



12. R. Bryerea, pi. IX, f. 78.— Pyramis Bryereus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 78; 

 Turbo Bryereus ; Montagu, p. 313, pi. 15, f. 8; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., 

 VIII, p. 172. 



Shell strong, white, glossy, consisting of six or seven slightly rounded volutions, 

 well defined by the suture: provided with about seventeen longitudinal somewhat 

 oblique ribs, which are scarcely interrupted by the line of the suture ; aperture ovate, 

 slightly contracted above ; outer lip strong, thickened by a rib behind ; pillar tip thick- 

 est below, smooth, and slightly replicate. Length about a quarter of an inch ; breadth 

 not quite half its length. Found at Weymouth, Dorsetshire, the coast of Cornwall, 

 and not uncommon in the Frith of Forth. 



13. R. Zetlandica, pi. IX, f. 79.— Pyramis Zetlandicus.— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 

 79; Turbo Zetlandicus; Montagu, Linn. Trans., XI, p. 194, pi. 13, f. 3; Cyclo- 

 strena Zetlandica ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 312. 



Shell white, somewhat turreted; with five very tumid volutions, furnished with 

 spiral ridges, which are decussated with longitudinal elevated striae, that rise 

 into sharp, angular tubercles at the points of decussation ; at the base of the 

 shell the spiral elevations are very prominent, and destitute of striae ; apex obtuse, and 

 smooth ; aperture semiovate ; outer lip much expanded, its margin ornamented with 

 sharp, elevated, triangular tubercles, and with a corresponding zigzag groove in its 

 centre ; pillar lip narrow, bounded by a prominent rib, which thickens gradually as 

 it descends ; above this is a flat space, with wide-set longitudinal stria?, and this is 

 surmounted by a transverse rib, which rises from the upper angle of the outer lip. 

 Length not quite a quarter of an inch ; breadth two-thirds its length. Found on the 

 shores of the Isle of Noss in Zetland, by the Rev. Dr Fleming. 



14. R. denticulate, pi. IX, f. 80 Turbo denticulatus — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 



80; Montagu, p. 315; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 213. 



Shell conic, subpellucid, white ; with six volutions, terminating in an obtuse, 

 smooth apex ; the whole shell provided with nine or ten strong, somewhat oblique, 

 longitudinal ribs, that project at the top of each volution, forming strong indentations; 

 aperture subovate; outer lip broad, thickened by a rib; pillar lip smooth, broadly 

 reflected on the columella, with one or two small tubercles at the base, adjoining the 

 ribs. Length not quite a quarter of an inch; breadth one-half its length. Found 

 at Weymouth, Dorsetshire ; Cornwall, and in the Frith of Forth at Dunbar. 



15. R. cimex, pi. VIII, f. 21-22.— First Ed., pi. 51, f. 21-22; Montagu, p. 

 315 ; Donovan, I, pi. 2, f. 1-1 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 163 ; 

 Cingula cimex ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 305. 



Shell white, thick; with four volutions deeply divided by the suture; apex ob- 

 tuse; the whole shell covered with very coarse, longitudinal and transverse striae; 

 producing deeply punctured interstices; aperture suboval ; outer lip very thick, cre- 

 nated internally, and with its edge strongly scolloped, produced by the striae on its 

 back ; pillar lip narrow above, and widening as it descends. Length an eighth of an 



inch ; breadth more than half its length. Found at Falmouth, Cornwall ; south coast 

 of Devonshire ; at Sandwich, Kent; and Portmarnock, Ireland. 



The extraordinary thickness of this shell, for its size, at once distinguishes it from 

 all its congenors. 



16. R. acuta, pi. IX, f. 23-24. — Pyramis labiosus First Ed., pi. 50, f. 



23-24. 



Shell strong, very taper ; consisting of six lengthened, slightly raised volutions, 

 terminating in an acute apex ; with ten depressed, slightly defined, longitudinal ribs, 

 which are lost about the centre of the body, crossed by almost imperceptible trans- 

 verse striae, which is most visible between the ribs ; body a little longer than the 

 spire ; aperture oblique, semiovate, and somewhat straight on the side next the colu- 

 mella ; outer lip very broad, flattened, with a slight groove in its centre ; pillar lip 

 narrow. Length an eighth and a half of an inch ; breadth a little more than a 

 fourth of its length. Found at Dunbar by General Bingham. In his Cabinet. 



17. R. Adumsii, pi. IX, f. 20— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 20; Turbo Adamsii ; Ma- 

 ton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 185; Turton's British Fauna, p. 184; 

 Turbo elegans; Adams, Linn. Trans., Ill, pi. 13, f. 31-32. 



" Shell pellucid ; with six spirally striate volutions, remotely ribbed; aperture 

 oval." Found on the coast of Pembrokeshire. 



18. R. pyramidil/a, pi. IX, f. 63 Pyramis pyranudilhts First Ed., pi. 5'), 



f. 63 ; Helix decussate ; Montagu, p. 399, pi. 15, f. 7- 



Shell white ; with eight or nine slightly raised volutions, tapering to a pointed 

 apex ; suture of the spire narrow ; the whole shell covered with close, longi- 

 tudinal, somewhat oblique striae, crossed by extremely minute spiral striae, giving 

 it a decussated appearance when examined through a strong lens ; aperture suboval, 

 oblique, contracted both above and below, straightish on the side next the columel- 

 la ; outer lip somewhat expanded, and slightly thickened behind; pillar lip a little 

 replicated, and very narrow. Length three-tenths of an inch ; breadth about a tenth. 

 Found at Weymouth, Dorsetshire, and at Dunbar, Frith of Forth. 



19. R. carinatula, pi. IX, f. 57.— Pyramis carinutulus.— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 

 67 ; Turbo carinatulus ; Adams on the Microscope, pi. 14, f. 18; Walker, f. 44; 

 Montagu, p. 331. 



Shell taper, carinated; with seven volutions; aperture contracted, marginated , 

 colour opaque white. Found at Sandwich ; very rare. 



We have never met with this shell, and have copied the figure and brief descrip- 

 tion from Walker. 



20. R. semicostata, pi. IX, f. 1-2.— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 1-2; Turbo semicos- 

 tatus ; Montagu, p. 326, and Sup. p. 129 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, 

 p. 162 ; Cingula semicostata ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 



Shell white, short, conic; consisting of four or five inflated volutions, well-defined 

 by the suture, and terminating in an obtuse, smooth apex ; spire about half the 

 length of the body ; volutions with twelve or thirteen longitudinal, somewhat ele- 

 vated ribs, which reach only to the venter in front, and a little below the middle of 

 the back behind ; body with fine nearly obsolete transverse striae, which cross the 

 ribs and become very distinct at the termination of the ribs, and continue so to the 

 base of the shell ; aperture large, suborbicular ; outer lip smooth, and a little ex- 

 panded ; pillar lip slightly reflexed ; columella smooth. Length a sixteenth of an 

 inch ; breadth one-half its length. Found on the south coast of Devonshire, and at 

 Dunbar. 



This shell may be mistaken for the Rissoa parva, unless attention is paid to the 

 body being only partially ribbed. 



21. R. parva, pi. IX, f. 55-56. — Pyramis parvus. — First Ed.; Turbo parvus ; 

 Montagu, p. 310; Turbo lacteus ; Donovan, III, pi. 90 ; Cingula parva ; Flem- 

 ing, Brit. An., p. 306. 



Shell strong, conic, subpellucid ; with four or five somewhat inflated volutions, 

 well-defined by the suture, tapering to rather an obtuse apex; with from twelve to 

 thirteen strong, elevated, longitudinal ribs; aperture suborbicular ; outer lip thick- 

 ened by a rib ; pillar lip narrow above, and thickening as it descends ; colour vari- 

 ous, sometimes glossy white, at others of a dark chestnut, or pale reddish-brown, and 

 sometimes it is of a deep-brown with white ribs. Length about an eighth of an 

 inch ; breadth more than half its length. Inhabits the sea at Cornwall, the Devon- 

 shire and Dorsetshire coasts, the Frith of Forth, and Cork, Dublin Bay, and Carrick- 

 fergus Bay, Ireland. 



22. R. semistriata, pi. IX, f. 3. — Pyramis semistriatus. — First Ed., pj. 50, f. 

 3; Turbo semistriatus; Montagu, Sup. p. 136; Cingida semistriata ; Fleming, 

 Brit. Am, p. 309. 



Shell smooth, thick, conic, white ; with five moderately rounded volutions, well- 

 defined by the suture ; spire more than half the length of the body ; apex a little 

 obtuse; base of the body, from the junction of the outer lip, with fine spiral striae, 

 which is also the case with the upper edge, and lower parts of the volutions of the 

 spire ; this can hardly be seen without the aid of a lens ; aperture subovate, some- 

 what contracted above ; outer lip thin ; inner lip reflected on the columella, thickest 

 in the centre ; generally covered with a fuscous epidermis, beneath which are usu- 

 ally two series of remote pale, orange-coloured spots. Length an eighth of an inch ; 

 breadth half its length. Found on the south Devonshire coast, and at Dunbar, Frith 

 of Forth. 



This shell may be easily confounded with R. interrupta ; but the striee sufficiency 

 distinguish it, if examined with a lens. 



