L2 



MOLLUSCA. 



[Trachelifoda. 



23. R. maculate, pi. IX, f. 6-6. Pyramis maculates,— Tint Ed., pi. 50, f. 5-6. 



.Shi '!1 w iih five vcntricose, glossy volulions ; spire well divided by the suture ; the 

 whole shell covered with extremely minute longitudinal and transverse striae; colour 

 pale yellow, with three remote rows of equidistant, square ferruginous spots, becom- 

 ing obsolete in the third volution of 1 lie spire, which terminates in rather an ob- 

 tuse apex ; aperture semiovate, somewliat contracted above; pillar lip reflected on 

 the columella, thickest in the centre, with a sub-umbilicus behind; outer lip rather 

 thick. Length an eighth of an inch ; breadth about half its length. Found on the 

 sands at Weymouth, by Dr Goodall, and in sand opposite Padstow Harbour, by Sir 

 Ashton Molesworth. Bart. 



This shell strongly resembles Rissoa interrupta, but is much broader in propor- 

 tion to its length; it is besides transversely striate, while the R. interrupta is 

 smooth.* 



24. R. interrupta, pi. IX, f. 45. — Pyramis interruptus. — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 

 45; Turbo interruptus ; Montagu, p. 329, pi. 20, f. 8.— Maton and Racket, Linn. 

 Trans., VIII, p. 166; Cingula interrupta; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 308. 



Shell conic, pellucid, glossy, cream-white, with five slightly raised volutions ter- 

 minating in a moderately pointed apex; with a double series of oblong, distant spots 

 on the body, and one row on the volutions of the spire; the upper row on the body 

 is at top, the spots joining those of the spire, and are cut through by the suture; the 

 second series, on the middle of the body; aperture sub-orbicular; outer lip rather 

 strong ; pillar lip reflected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch ; breadth 

 a third of its length. Found at Falmouth ; at Ufiacomb, Devonshire, and in the 

 Frith of Forth. 



25. R. punctura, pi. IX, f. 43. — Pyramis punctura, — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 43; 

 Turbo punctura ; Montagu, p. 320, pi. 12, f. 5. 



Shell with six very glossy, cream-white, vcntricose volutions, well defined by a 

 deep suture, terminating in rather an obtuse, smooth apex ; the whole shell very 

 finely striated longitudinally and spirally, giving it the appearance of being punctated 

 when examined with a strong lens, while, in reality, it is only the smooth interstices, 

 between the striae, which present this appearance ; aperture sub-orbicular ; outer Up 

 rather strong; p;llar lip narrowly reflected on the columella. Length a tenth of an 

 inch; breadth one-third its length. Found at Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; Salcomb 

 Bay, Devonshire ; at Padstow, Cornwall, and at Dunbar, by General Bingham. 



26. R. approxima y pi. IX, f. 42. — Pyramis approximus.— First Ed., pi. 50, 

 f. 42. 



Shell cream-white, with six glossy ventricose volutions, well defined by the suture, 

 and tapering abruptly to a fine point ; spirally and longitudinally striated, giving the shell 

 the appearance of being punctated ; aperture nearly round ; outer lip thin ; pillar lip 

 slightly reflected on the columella. Length a tenth of an inch; breadth one-third of 

 its length. Found by General Bingham on Belton Sands. 



This shell is so like the R. punctura, that it may easily be mistaken for it ; but on 

 eomparison, it will be found that the interstices representing punctures are nearly 

 double the size, much less numerous than those of R. puncturu, and the apex is 

 somewhat more acute. 



27. R. reticulata, pi. IX, f. 30— Pyramis reticulatus.— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 30; 

 Turbo reticulatus ; Montagu, p. 322; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 

 172; Walker, f. 32; Cingula reticulata ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 306. 



Shell strong, conic, opaque, of a light brown colour ; with six vcntricose volutions, 

 terminating in a rather obtuse, smooth apex ; the whole shell with strong, wide, 

 longitudinal, and transverse striae, producing a reticulated appearance ; aperture sub- 

 orbicular, a little pointed above ; outer lip thick ; inner lip moderately reflected on 

 the columella, with a slight groove or sub-umbilicus behind. Length not a tenth of 

 an inch ; breadth more than half its length. Found on the coast of Sandwich, and 

 at Dunbar by General Bingham ; and in the Frith of Forth by dredging. 



28. R. arenaria, pi. IX, f. 12 Pyramis arcnarius ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 12 ; 



Turbo rfecussatus ; Montagu, p. 322, pi. 12, f. 4; Helix arenaria; Maton and 

 Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 214. 



Shell white, sub-pellucid, a little glossy, having five abruptly rounded volutions, 

 tapering to a somewhat obtuse apex, and well defined by the suture ; with very strong 

 longitudinal stria?, and extremely fine spiral stria?, giving to the whole external sur- 

 face a decussated appearance; aperture oblique, sub-oval, a little contracted above; 

 outer lip thin ; pillar lip very slightly reflected on the columella. Length not quite 

 an eighth of an inch ; breadth not half its length. Found at Salcomb Bay, Devon- 

 shire. 



^it. R. snbrufa, pi. IX, f. 13.— Pyramis subrufus First Ed., pi. 50, f. 13; 



Turbo subrufus; Montagu, p. 334; Adams, Linn. Trans.* V, p. 3, pi. 1, f. 18-19. 



Shell smooth, with five volutions, somewhat angular above, opaque, dull red, the 

 upper part of each volution marked with a white, transverse band. Found on the 

 coast of Pembrokeshire. 



We have copied the figure and description of this species from Adams, never hav- 

 ing met with it. 



30. R. ulc<r, pi. IX, f. 9, 14, 15, and 41.— Pyramis ulva-.— First Ed., pi. 50, 

 f. 14, 15, and 41 ; Montagu, p. 318; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 

 L64 ; Cingula ulvas Fleming, Brit. An., p. 308. 



Shell with from five to seven smooth, gradually tapering, nearly flat volutions, 

 separated by a very small suture, and terminating in a somewhat obtuse apex; aper- 

 ture sub-oval, provided with a horny operculum; outer lip plain ; pillar lip slightly re- 



flected on the columella, with a small sub-umbilicus behind; colour fuscous or pale 

 fawn. Length generally about a quarter of an inch, sometimes three eighths of an 

 inch. Found in most of the inlets and harbours in Britain and Ireland. 



31. R. striyata, pi. IX, f. 8— Pyramis strigatis.— Vin.t Ed., pi. 50, f. 8; Adams, 

 Micros., pi. 14, f. 16; Montagu, p. 331 ; Walker, f. 38. 



Shell with three volutions ; the spire with three transverse ridges; aperture sub- 

 ■ v.il ; colour opaque white. From Seasalter, very rare. 



This figure and description are copied from Adams, as we have never met with it. 



:\2. /.'. disjuncta, pi. IX, f. 7 PyramU disjunctut.—Fint Ed., pi. 50, f. 7; 



Turbo disjunctus; Laskey, Wernerian Memoirs, I, p. 405, pi. 8, f. 3 ; Montagu, 

 Sup. p. 128; Cingula disjumta ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 



*' Shell rather slender, white, and perfectly smooth, with six remarkably rounded 

 volutions, divided by a broad and deep line of separation, the bottom of which is flat, 

 or a little concave, not angular, as in most other shells, giving it somewhat the ap- 

 pearance of the volutions being disunited, similar to the cast of some fossil specie-- ; 

 aperture nearly orbicular ; pillar lip reflected, behind which is an umbilicus. Length 

 scarcely a quarter of an inch." — Montagu. Found bj Captain Laskey at Belton Sands, 

 near Dunbar. 



33. S. alba, pi. IX, t 16-1 9. —Pyramis albulus.— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 16-19; 

 Turho albulus ; Adams, Linn. Trans., Ill, pi. 13, f. 17-18; Montagu, p. 332/ 

 Cingula alba ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 309. 



" Shell opaque, with five longitudinally ribbed volutions; aperture roundish, not 

 margined. Found on the coast of Pembrokeshire, in the roots of fuci." — Adams. 



Dr Fleming describes the shell thus: — ** Length about a tenth of an inch, breadth 

 one-half less; smooth, glossy, sub-peilucid, pale brown, when recent, or with spiral 

 brown bands; whorls not much rounded, smooth, glossy; the ribs, which are rounded 

 and slightly waved, sometimes do not reach the body-whorl; the shell then appearing 

 not unlike Cingula (liissoa) interrvpta ; aperture sub-orbicular ; pillar lip a "little 

 reflected. This species has been probably confounded with Cingula parva, to which 

 it bears a considerable resemblance ; it is, however, more rounded in the aperture, and 

 produced in the spire, and the outer lip is thin." 



34. R. ruber, pi. IX, f. 17 PyramU ruber — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 17; Turbo 



ruber; Adams, Linn. Trans., Ill, pi. 13, f. 21-22; Cingula rubra; Fleming, Brit. 

 An., p. 308. 



Shell with five pellucid, smooth, glossy, rounded, reddish-brown volutions, divid- 

 ed by a fine suture, and terminated in a pointed apex ; aperture sub-orbicular ; outer lip 

 thin ; pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch, some- 

 times more ; breadth nearly a third of its length. Found at Whitsand Bay, Cornwall, 

 and at Portobello. Montagu mentions having found a shell " in every respect like 

 this species, but in colour, which was perfectly white, and so transparent, that the 

 whole columella was seen through the shell." 



35. R. striata, pi. IX, f. 22.— Pyramis striatum— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 22; 

 Helix striata ; Walker, f. 29; Adams, Micr. pi. 14, f. 13; Maton and Racket, 

 Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 204; Montagu, p. 445; Cingula striata; Fleming, Brit. 

 An., p. 307. 



" Shell greenish-white, pellucid, striate; with three volutions reflected on the 

 back; aperture suboval." — Walker. 



36. R. subumbilicata, pi. IX, f, 44. — Pyramis subumbilicatus. — First Ed., pi. 



50, f. 44; Turbo subumbilicatus; Montagu, p. 316; Cingula subumbilicata; 

 Fleming, Brit. An., p. 308. 



Shell conic, smooth, somewhat glossy, of a cream-white; with four or five very 

 tumid volutions ; the body one being rather longer than the spire, terminating in an 

 obtuse apex ; aperture oval ; outer lip even ; pillar lip slightly reflected on the colu- 

 mella, behind which is a slight sulcus or subumbilicus. Length an eighth of an inch ; 

 breadth about half its length. 



Found at Weymouth, Dorsetshire; and at Portmarnoek, Ireland. Rare. This 

 species differs from the Rissoa nine in being more vcntricose, in the umbilicus being 

 larger, and the aperture being quite ovate, and not contracted into an acute angle at 

 the top. It may also be mistaken for R. ventricosa ; but its greater proportional 

 breadth at the base, and shape of the aperture, at once distinguish it. It never grows 

 so large as the R. ulvu , and always exceeds the R. ventricosa in magnitude. 



37. R. ventricosa, pi. VIII, f. 27 and 59. — Pyramis ventrosus First Ed., pi. 



51, f. 27 and 59; Turbo ventrosus; Montagu, p. 317, pi. 12, f. 13; Maton and 

 Racket) Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 164; Turbo cburneus ; Adams, Micros., pi. 14. 

 f. 15; Walker, f. 36 ; Cingula ventricosa ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 



Shell smooth, glossy, thin, horn-coloured ; with six vcntricose, greatly rounded 

 volutions, terminating in a moderately pointed apex; aperture suborbicular; provided 

 with a thin, wrinkled, corneous operculum; outer lip thin, even; pillar lip not re- 

 lic ted on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch; breadth not one-half its 

 length. Found at Folkstone and Sandwich in Kent, and in the Frith of Forth at 

 Dunbar. 



The flossy appearance of this shell at once distinguishes it from R. ulva?. 



38. R. retiforma, pi. VIII, f. 3 and 23. — Pyramis retijbrmis First Ed., pi. 



51, f. 23; Turbo retiformis ; Montagu, p. 330 ; Walker, f. 37. 



" Shell with four tumid reticulated volutions; aperture oval ; colour opaque-white. 

 From Sandwich; very rare." — Walker. 



39. R. graphica, pi. IX, f. 83. — Pyramis graphicus First Ed., pi. 47, f 



27 ; Turbo graphicus ; Brown, Wernerian Memoirs, II, p, 521, pi. 24, f. 6. 



