Involute.] MOLLUSCA. 



duced, and considerably inflated volutions, well defined by the line of 

 the suture, and ending in an acute apex; spire long; body about one- 

 third the length of the spire; aperture semiovate, slightly contracted 

 above ; outer lip thin, smooth ; pillar lip narrowly reflected on the 

 columella. Length a little more than a tenth of an inch ; breadth about 

 a fourth of its length. Found at Dunbar, by General Bingham. In his 

 Cabinet. 



13. P. acutissimus, pi. IX, f. 36 — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 36. 

 Shell white, with eight somewhat inflated, well divided volutions, 



tapering abruptly to a fine point ; spirally striated ; aperture semiovate ; 

 outer lip a little thickened ; inner lip slightly reflected on the columella, 

 behind which is a small subumbilicus. Length a tenth of an inch ; 

 breadth one-third its length. Found on Belton Sands, near Dunbar, by 

 General Bingham, and in his Cabinet. 



14. P. Lamarckii, pi. IX, f. 39 First Ed., pi. 50, f. 39. 



Shell white, glossy, turreted, and tapering gradually to an obtuse 



apex : six volutions, separated by a thread-like line in the suture ; the 

 body and three lower ones with five close-set, longitudinal ribs ; aper- 

 ture suboval ; outer lip smooth, even; pillar lip slightly reflected on the 

 columella, behind which is a very small subumbilicus. Length an eighth 

 of an inch ; breadth not a third of its length. Found at Belton Sands, by 

 General Bingham, and in his Cabinet. 



15. P. nitidissimus, pi. IX, f. 54 Pip-amis nitidissimus, First Ed., 



pi. 50, f. 54; Turbo nitidissimus, Montagu, p. 299, pi. 12, f. 1 ; Maton 

 and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 175; Turritella nitidissima, Fleming, 

 Brit. An., p. 304- 



Shell smooth, pellucid, white, with nine extremely slender, greatly 

 raised, and much rounded volutions, terminating in an obtuse apex, with 

 a deep suture ; aperture suborbicular ; outer lip thin; inner lip slightly re- 

 flected on the columella. Length one-eighth of an inch. 



16. P. lacteus, pi. IX, f. 58 First Ed., pi. 50, f. 58. 



Shell white, subfusiform, consisting often abruptly tapering volutions, 



terminating in an acute apex, and well defined by the line of the suture; 

 body ventricose, nearly equal to the length of the spire ; the whole shell 

 furnished with numerous, depressed, not very distinct, longitudinal ribs ; 

 aperture subrotund ; outer lip thin, produced ; pillar lip very slightly re- 

 flected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch ; breadth not 

 quite half its length. I found this species at Belton Sands, near Dun- 

 bar. 



17. P. spirolinus, pi. IX, f. 66 First Ed., pi. 50, f. 66. 



Shell white, abruptly tapering, with seven deeply divided, somewhat 



triangular volutions, with a subcarina near the lower margin of each, 

 from whence they suddenly oblique towards the suture ; provided with 

 about fourteen rather strong, longitudinal ribs, and these are crossed by 

 numerous, rather wide, spiral striae, giving the shell a cancellated appear- 

 ance ; aperture suboval, slightly contracted above ; outer lip thin ; pillar 

 lip reflected on the columella. Length somewhat more than an eighth 

 of an inch ; breadth about half its length. I found this interesting species 

 on the beach at St Cyrus, Kincardineshire, immediately under Kirkside 

 House, the seat of Major-General Sir Joseph Stratton. 



18. P. vittatus, pi. VIII, f. 29 — First Ed., pi. 51, f. 29. 

 Shell cream-white, smooth, shining, consisting of nine well-rounded, 



not very deeply-divided volutions, abruptly tapering to an acute apex ; 

 each volution furnished with a broad, yellowish-brown band in its centre, 

 with two narrow lines of the same colour above it ; the body provided 

 with two broad bands, the one in its centre, and the other on its base, 

 parallel with the outer lip ; between these there is a very narrow line 

 of the same colour, and two above the superior band ; aperture oblong- 

 ovate, a little contracted both above and below ; outer lip thin, not con- 

 tinuous above; pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella. Length 

 somewhat more than an eighth of an inch ; breadth about a third of its 

 length. This elegant and beautiful species was discovered by General 

 Bingham on Belton Sands, near Dunbar, and wc have since found it in 

 the same locality. 



19. P. iruncatus, pi. VIII, f. 31 First Ed., pi. 50, f. 31 ; Turbo 



trunratits, Montagu, p. 300, pi. 10, f. 7 ; Turritella truncata, Fleming, 

 Brit. An., p. 303 ; Turbo nitidus, Adams, Linn. Trans., Ill, p. 65. 



Shell cylindrical, smooth, glossy, pellucid, horn-coloured ; consisting 

 of four lengthened, considerably raised volutions, deeply divided by the 

 line of the suture, terminating in a truncated apex ; the whole shell co- 

 vered with strong longitudinal striae; aperture ovate; outer lip thin ; pillar 

 lip much reflected on the columella. Length two-tenths of an inch ; 



IS 



breadth one-third its length. Found on the shore at Southampton and 

 Plymouth, in both of which localities it is not uncommon ; it has also 

 been sparingly met with on the Devonshire coast, and at Weymouth, 

 Dorsetshire. 



20. P. cingillus, pi. IX, f. 73 First Ed., pi. 50, f. 73 ; Turbo eingil- 



lus, Montagu, p. 326, pi. 12, f. 7 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., 

 VIII, p. 165; Cingula cingilla, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 309. 



Shell conical, subpellucid, with six well-rounded volutions, abruptly taper- 

 ing to a moderately pointed apex; body a fifth part longer than the spire, 

 usually with six alternating bands of horn-colour and chestnut; sometimes 

 they are purple, or purplish-brown and white alternately ; volutions of the 

 spire with only two bands, frequently becoming obsolete at the tip, which 

 is uniformly brown ; the whole shell with obscure spiral stria;, which 

 are very conspicuous at the base ; aperture suboval, a little contracted 

 above ; outer lip thin ; inner lip reflected on the columella. Length an 

 eighth of an inch; breadth more than a third of its length. Found at 

 Plymouth, and Salcomb Bay, Devonshire, the Frith of Forth, at Dunbar, 

 Dublin Bay, and Portmarnock, Ireland. 



21. P. similimus Turbo similimus, pi. IX, f. 83; Montagu, Sup. p. 



136; Laskey, Wemerian Memoirs, I, p. 406, pi. 8, f. 15. 



" Shell slender, white, with eight or nine volutions, furnished with 

 fourteen ribs, or elevated stria?; these stand straight in the line of the 

 shell ; apex pointed; base destitute of striae ; aperture subovate. Length 

 three-eighths of an inch. 



" This has much the habit of Turbo (Pyramis) elegantissimus, but is not 

 so slender, the ribs are less numerous, and consequently more distant, the 

 sulci or depressions being larger than the elevations. Those who have an 

 opportunity of comparing these two shells will also observe that the ribs 

 in P. elegantissimus do not run straight, but oblique to the right, are not 

 so much arched, and are larger than the interstices. Discovered by Cap- 

 tain Laskey to inhabit the shores of the Island of Jura.."— Montagu. 



Genus XIX Turbo Linn^us. 



Shell conoid, or sub-turriculated ; aperture entire, round ; mar- 

 gin of the outer lip disunited ; columella arcuated, depressed, but 

 not truncated at the base; aperture provided with a testaceous 

 operculum. 



Subdivision J. — Destitute of an Umbilicus. 



1. T. litloreus, pi. X, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 First Ed., pi. 46, 



figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, II, p. 1232; 

 Donovan, I, pi. 33, f. 1, 2; Montagu, p. 301 ; Da Costa, p. 98, pi. 6, 

 f. 1-1; Brown, Ency. Brit., VI, p. 423; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 298; 

 Brown, Wemerian Memoirs, II, p. 521 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., 

 VIII, p. 15b, pi. 4, figs. 8, 9, 10, 11. 



Shell very thick, suboval ; the body large in proportion to the spire, 

 which consists of four or five slightly raised volutions, separated by a 

 very fine suture, and ending in a somewhat obtuse apex ; aperture subor- 

 bicular ; outer lip rather thin, a little reflected in full-grown shells ; pillar 

 lip white, broad, and thickened at the edge; the whole shell thickly co- 

 vered with strong, irregular, spiral striae, -with numerous lines of growth, 

 producing a somewhat undulated appearance in the striae; colour russet, 

 yellowish-brown, or drab, with transverse spiral bands of black, or pur- 

 plish-brown ; sometimes it is entirely of a rich orange, or approaching to 

 scarlet, and in others these colours have zones of black. Length vary- 

 ing from an inch to an inch and five-eighths ; breadth from six-eighths to 

 an inch and a quarter. Found on almost all the British and Irish coasts, 

 betwixt high and low-water-mark. 



This species is subject to very great variety in form, colour, and mark- 

 ings, as may be seen by our different representations ; the striae in some 

 are numerous and small, others are deeply sulcated, with sharp ridges, and 

 a little reflexed. In adults the striae become less distinct. 



This shell is well known in all the towns on the coast, by the name of 

 Periwinkle, and is sold by measure as an article of food. 



2. T. rudis, pi. X, figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 25 — First Ed., pi. 46, 

 figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 25; Donovan, I, p. 33, f. 3; Maton and 

 Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 159, pi. 4, figs. 12, 13; Brown, Ency. 

 Brit., VI, p. 453; Montagu, p. 304; Brown, Wemerian Memoirs, II, p. 

 521; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 298. 



Shell thick, strong, body large, spire short, somewhat depressed, and 

 consisting of four moderately rounded and well-defined volutions, ter- 



