Involute.] 



MOLLUSCA. 



Shell strong, reticulated, seven or eight volutions, tapering to a line point ; with 

 numerous longitudinal rihs ; strongly reticulated transversely, giving the shell a 

 tuberculated appearance ; aperture sub-oval ; outer lip even, not thickened at the 

 back ; inner lip strongly denticulated interiorly, which, with the columella, is 

 glossy white, colour of the shell brown. Common on many of our sandy shores. 



2. N. hepatica, pi. IV, f. 19 Buccinum heputicum. — First Ed., pi. 49, f. 19 ; 



Montagu, p. 243, pi. 8, f. 1 ; Jlaton and Racket, in Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 133, 

 pi. 4, f. 5. 



Shell strong, of a burnt-umber brown colour, with seven or eight volutions, strongly 

 ribbed longitudinally ; a transverse line or depression, near the top of each volution; 

 which cutting the ribs produces a series of small knobs ; the shell is otherwise smooth, 

 and somewhat glossy, except a few strong stria; at the base of the body ; volutions tumid, 

 deeply divided ; apex sharp ; outer lip thickened, inflected to an edge, beneath which 

 are several denticulations or stria? ; inner lip much reflected, with one tooth-like 

 ridge on the upper part, sometimes with a white base. Found at Weymouth, and in 

 Lou»h Strangford, Ireland ; a rare shell. Its ordinary length is one inch, and its 

 breadth five-eighths ; our specimen measured an inch and a quarter in length, and 

 nearly six-eighths in breadth. 



3. X. ambigua, pi. IV, f. 20-21. — Buccinum ambiguum First Ed., pi. 49, 



f. 20-21 ; Montagu, p. 242, pi. 9, f. 7 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, 

 p. 138, pi. 4, f. 5. 



Shell sub-conic, thick, strong, with six volutions, prominently ribbed longitudinally, 

 and finely striated transversely; ribs distant, swelling at the junctions of each volu- 

 tion, into knobs or tubercles ; aperture sub-orbicular ; outer hp thickened by the rib, 

 slightly denticulated ; pillar lip replicated, with usually two slight, distant folds. 

 Length somewhat more than half an inch, breadth three-eighths. Found on the 

 sands between Weymouth and Portland, and the north shore at Poole. 



4. N. varicosum, pi. IV, f. 21 Buccinum varkosum. — First Ed., pi. 49, f. 24 ; 



Turton, in Zool. Jour. II, p. 365, pi. 13, f. 7. 



Shell conic, with seven flattish, decussated, whitish volutions, ornamented with 

 rufous marks, and having two or three white varices ; aperture nearly orbicular, 

 purple, toothed on each side ; columella white. Length six-tenths of an inch, breadth 

 four-tenths. First discovered in deep water in Torbay, by Mr Griffiths. 



5. N. macula, pi. IV, f. 23.— Buccinum macula First Ed., pi. 49, f. 23; 



Montagu, p. 241, pi. 8, f. 4 ; Maton and Racket, in Linn. Trans., VIII, pi. 4, f. 4 ; 

 B. minutum ; Pennant, pi. 79. 



Shell with six or seven longitudinally ribbed volutions, transversely striated ; 

 apex acute ; aperture sub-orbicular ; outer lip thickened, gibbous behind, and den- 

 ticulated within. This shell is extremely variable in colour, being sometimes entirely 

 red, reddish brown, fuscous, purple, and yellow, but seldom white ; it is frequently 

 mottled ; but in all those modifications it preserves its invariable characteristic of a small 

 dark spot of purplish brown, at the outer edge of the canal ; the tip of the spire be- 

 inc* frequently of a purple tinge. Length about half an inch, breadth a quarter of an 

 inch. Not uncommon on most of the British coasts; we may particularize Dorset- 

 shire, Devonshire, Kent, Frith of Forth, and Dublin Bay. 



6. N. minima, pi. IV, f. 25.— Buccinum minimum.— -First Ed., pi. 49, f. 25 ; 

 Montagu, p. 247, pi. 8, f. 2 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 138. 



Shell thick, five tapering volutions, with strong longitudinal ribs ; intersected by 

 transverse stria?, giving it a decussated appearance ; aperture oval ; both lips smooth. 

 Colour varying from dark to light chestnut ; destitute of any spots or markings. 

 Scarcely two-tenths of an inch in length, breadth about a tenth. Found on the 

 south coast of Devon, at the mouth of the Aun, and in deep water off Torcross and 

 Salcomb. 



7. N. Bryerii, pi. IV, f. 26. — Buccinum Bryerium. — First Ed., pi. 49, f. 26 ; 

 Turbo Bryerius ; Montagu, p. 313, pi. 15, f. 8; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., 

 VIII, p. 172. 



Shell strong, conical, glossy, white, w ith seven smooth, fine, continuously ribbed, 

 somewhat round volutions ; well defined by the suture, scarcely interrupting the 

 ribs, which are seventeen or eighteen in number ; aperture oval ; outer lip strong, 

 pillar lip replicate, smooth. Length nearly a quarter of an inch. Found on the 

 coast of Weymouth. 



Montagu says there is a variety of this shell, with the ribs stronger and fewer, 

 not exceeding twelve. 



8. N. picta, pi. V, f. 64 Fusus piclus First Ed., pi. 48, f. 64; Purpura 



picta; Turton, in Zool. Jour., II, p. 365, pi. 13, f. 8. 



Shell oval, oblong, glossy, whitish, with ochreous blotches, disposed in reticular 

 masses ; having eight well rounded, and distinctly separated volutions ; decussate ; 

 outer lip smooth. Length four-tenths of an inch, breadth hardly two. Dredged by 

 Dr Turton in the British Channel. 



Genus 8 Purpura. — Lamarck. 



Shell ovate, smooth, tubercular or angular; aperture dilated, 

 emarginate at the base, with an oblique subcanaliculate sinus; co- 

 lumella depressed, terminating below in a point. 



1. P. lapillus, pi. IV, fs. 4, 5, 6, and 7.— First Ed., pi. 49, fs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 ; 

 Lamarck, VII, p. 244; Buccinum lapillus; Montagu, p. 239; Pennant, IV, 

 pi. 72, f. 89. 



Shell thick, with five or six volutions, strongly striated spirally, and with five ele- 

 vated, irregular, undulated, longitudinal stria ; spire short, pointed ; body large ; 

 aperture oval, outer lip waved or subdenticulated; pillar lip smooth, replicated. Length 

 rarely exceeds two inches, breadth an inch. Common on almost all the British 

 coasts, adhering to stones near or beyond high-water mark. 



This species is subject to great variety, not only in form, but also in coloration. 

 In the young state the outer lip is thin, with the reflection on the columella imper- 

 fect; in the full grown shells, the outer lip is much thickened and dentated, as in fig. 

 4. This is the most common variety. The next variety is that at fig. 5, with the 

 outer lip thin, and somewhat ribbed interiorly. The most distinct variety is that at 

 fig. 7, in which the outer lip is much expanded and thin, the volutions of the spire 

 more deeply divided than in the common variety. Beautiful highly coloured speci- 

 mens of this shell are found at Montrose in the harbour. Fig. 6 is the Purpura 

 Anglicana of Lister's Conchology, pi. 965, f. 18. He does not say from whence he 

 obtained this singular variety. 



Genus 9- — Cassidaria Lamarck. 



Shell obovate, or ovate-oblong ; aperture longitudinal, narrow, 

 terminating in an ascending curved canal ; outer lip marginated, or 

 folded back at the margin ; inner lip covering the columella, ge- 

 nerally rough, granular, tuberculate, or rugose. 



1. C. lave, pi. IV, f. 1 — First Ed., pi. 49, f. 1 Buccinum Imce ; Adams, 



Linn. Tr., lll.pl. 13, 1". 7-6; Montagu, p. 251 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Tr., VIII, 

 p. 140. 



Shell smooth, opaque white, with three volutions, spire very short ; body ventri- 

 cose, beak long ; aperture oval. Found on the coast of Pembrokeshire. 



2. C. minuta, pi. IV, f. 2 First Ed., p. 49, f. 3 Buccinum minutum; Adams. 



Linn. Tr., Ill, pi. 13, f. 5-6; Montagu, p. 250; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trs., 

 VIII, p. 140. 



Shell minute, with longitudinal costated volutions of an opaque white colour. 

 Found on the Pembrokeshire coast. 



3. C. obtusu, pi. IV, f. 3. — First Ed., pi. 49, f. 3 ; Buccinum obtusissimum ; 

 Adams, Linn. Tr., Ill, pi. 13, f. 9-10; Montagu, p. 251. 



Shell smooth, with three volutions ; the apex obtuse; aperture contracted, ter- 

 minating in a long beak. It differs from the preceding species in the form of the 

 aperture, and in the volutions being approximate and nearly of equal size. Found by 

 Mr Adams on the coast of Pembrokeshire. 



Family IV Alata. 



Shell provided with a canal of greater or less extent at the base 

 of the aperture, of which the right lip changes its form as the ani- 

 mal advances in age, and has a sinus at the lower part. 



Genus 10. — Rostellaria — Lamarck. 



Shell fusiform or sub-turreted, terminated below by a beaked 

 canal ; outer lip entire in some species, and dentated in other.-, 

 more or less dilated by age ; with a sinus near the canal. 



1. R. res pelicani, pi. V, f. 21 and 39 First Ed., pi. 48, f. 21 and 39; La- 

 marck, VII, p. 193, No. 5, Strombus Pes pelicani; Montagu, p. 253 ; Donovan, I, 

 pi. 4. 



Shell pyramidal, with ten longitudinal, somewhat obliquely ribbed volutions, which 

 have the appearance of being tuberculate ; on the base of the body are a larger and 

 a smaller row of transverse tubercles, each volution provided at its base by a spiral 

 zone of close set very small tubercles, running immediately under the ribs, and well 

 defined by the suture ; the whole covered with very fine, somewhat irregular, un- 

 dulating and spiral stria?, crossed in some places by indistinct, rather obsolete longi- 

 tudinal lines ; outer lip greatly expanded, quadrified, the superior lobe extending 

 upwards on the spire as far as the second or third volution; each lobe having a cen- 

 tral divergent groove on its inner surface, all marked by a corresponding elevated 

 rib behind ; interior of outer lip with a highly polished generally pure white surface, 

 which is also continued down the spire beneath the upper lobe, and broadly reflected 

 on the columella; beak twisted, protruding at point; colour variable, purplish, flesh- 

 coloured, or yellowish brown. Length nearly two inches. 



This shell varies considerably from its young to its adult condition. The young 

 shells are devoid of the outer lip, having much the aspect of a Cerithium; this is the 

 state represented by figures 68-69, pi. V. When more advanced, they resemble the 

 genus Fusus, as at fig. 21. Found on the Devonshire and Welsh coasts ; is most 

 abundant in Dublin Bay and Portmarnock, Ireland, and not unfrequent in the Frith 

 of Forth. 



Family V Canalifera. 



Shell with a canal of greater or less length, situated at the base 

 of the aperture ; the outer lip subject to but little variations in the 

 voung and adult state. 



