H 



MOLLUSCA. 



[Trachelipod.i 



p. 33, f. 23; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 107; Forbes, 

 Mai. Mon., p. 7 ; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 

 22 ; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 330 ; Tachea nemoralis, 

 Leach, Moll., p. 84; Cochlea fasciata, Da Costa, p. 76, pi. 5, 

 f. 1, 2, 3. 



Shell suhglobose, thin, subpellucid ; body very large ; spire 

 small, consisting of three narrow, slightly inflated volutions; 

 aperture transverse, semielliptical ; inner lip reflected on the 

 base of the columella, and proceeds in nearly a straight line 

 until it joins the outer lip, which is thickened on the edge, and 

 reflected ; both lips invariably of a dark reddish-brown ; whole 

 surface covered with a yellow, citron-coloured, flesh-coloured, 

 or olive, thin, pellucid, glossy epidermis, which allows the fascia; 

 to shine through. Diameter generally about an inch ; height 

 three-quarters of an inch. 



This species is subject to very great variety in its colours and 

 markings; some are plain citron, yellow, olive, or flesh-coloured, 

 while others are furnished with from one to five dark umber, or 

 blackish-brown bands on the body, variously disposed. 



Fig. 4 represents the young shell. 



This species is at once distinguished from H. hortensis and 

 hybrida, from the outer and pillar lips being invariably of a 

 dark brown-colour, while those of H. hortensis are always 

 white, and H. hybrida of a pale brown, yellowish-brown, or 

 flesh-colour. 



I found the beautiful variety f. 8, at West Coates, Edin- 

 burgh. It has a very pale rose-coloured outer lip, and a white 

 girdle round its body. It is now in the cabinet of Lady 

 Jardine, at Jardinc Hall, Dumfriesshire. Mr. Thompson says, 

 he met with extremely large specimens of the H. nemoralis in 

 the south islands of Arran, Ireland. 



The //. nemoralis is the most common of our land shells, 

 heing almost universally diffused throughout Great Britain and 

 Ireland. It locates in woody situations. 



4. Helix hortensis, pi. XVI, f. 11, 15, 19 First Ed., 



pi. 39, f. 11, 15, 19. 



Helix hortensis, Lister, Conch., pi. 3, f . 3 ; Midler, Verm., 

 II, p. 52, No. 447; Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p. 3649, No. 109; 

 Chemnitz, Conch., IX, pi. 133, f. 1199, 1201; Montagu, Test. 

 Brit., p. 412; Drapernaud, p. 95, pi. 6, f. 6; Lamarck, An. 

 San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 81 ; Brard, p. 16, pi. 1, f. 3; Pfeiffer, 

 I, p. 29, pi. 2, f. 12, 13; Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 81 ; lb., 

 Brit. An., p. 264 ; Rossmassler, I, p. 58, pi. 1, f. 6; Turton, 

 Man., p. 34, pi. 3, f. 21 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 106 ; 

 Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 330; Forbes, Mai. Mon., p. 8; 

 Helix nemoralis, var., Maton and Rackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 

 206 ; Cochlea fasciata, Da Costa, p. 76, pi. 5, f. 4, 5 ; Tachea 

 hortensis, Leach, Moll., p. 85. 



Shell somewhat globose, thin, smooth; body large; spire 

 small, consisting of four, a. little inflated, but narrow volutions, 

 terminating in a rather obtuse apex; aperture semielliptical; 

 outer lip white; whole surface covered with a shining epidermis, 

 of yellow, citron, or pale olive, with bands in some specimens, 

 and destitute of them in others. 



This species will at once be distinguished from the //. nemo- 

 ralis, by its outer lip being invariably white, and the shell is 

 always nearly a third smaller, and a little more globular. It is 

 subject to great variety in the number and disposition of its 

 bands, which are either black, or very dark reddish-brown. 



It inhabits woods, hedges, and shady places, in almost all 

 parts of Britain and Ireland, but is not so common as the H. 

 nemoralis. 



5. Helix hybrida, pi. XVIII, f. 27, 28. 



Helix hybrida, Peoret ; Leach, MSS.; Gray's Turton's Man., 

 p. 132, pi. 11, f. 150; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

 VI, p. 21 and 64; Helix hortensis, var., Ferussac, pi. 31; 

 Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 106. 



Shell semiglobose ; body large ; spire small, consisting of four 

 moderately inflated volutions, which terminate in an obtuse 

 apex; aperture semielliptical; outer lip of a pale brownish rose- 

 colour, the inner rib being somewhat darker than the lip, which 

 is rather acute at the edge ; whole surface of a brownish, or 

 citron-yellow, sometimes banded, but more generally plain; the 

 latter almost always with an indistinct, whitish band, running 

 spirally on the upper margin of the body, and continued on the 

 upper edge of the volutions of the spire. 



This species differs in the shape of the aperture, which is 

 more transversely ovate than that of the former two species. 



It inhabits hedges and woody situations, in many parts of 

 Britain and Ireland, but is a very local species. Mr. R. Ley- 

 land, of Halifax, found this shell of a form and size resembling 

 H. hortensis, locating on a small spot on the banks of the canal 

 between Keighley and Bingley, Yorkshire. 



6. Helix Arbustorum, pi. XVI, f. 20, 21, 22 — First Ed., 

 pi. 39, f. 20, 21, 22. 



Helix Arbustorum, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., p. 1245; Gmelin, 

 Linn. Syst., p. 3630, No. 53 ; Miiller, Verm., p. 55, No. 248 ; 

 Lister, Conch., pi. 56, f. 53 ; Donovan, Biit. Sh., IV, pi. 136 ; 

 Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 413 ; Drapernaud, p. 38, pi. 5, f. IS ; 

 Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 180; Brard, p. 65, pi. 

 2, f. 12 ; Pfeiffer, I, p. 24, pi. 2, f. 7, 8 ; Rossmassler, I, p. 57, 

 pi. 1, f. 4; Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 81 ; lb., Brit. An., p. 

 264; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p". 458; lb., Wemerian 

 Mem., II, p. 525; Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 190 ; lb., Man., p. 35; 

 Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 106; Forbes, Mai. Mon., p. 

 7; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 23; Cochlea 

 unifasciata, Da Costa, p. 75, pi. 17, f. 6; Arianta Arbustorum, 

 Leach, Moll., p. 86. 



Shell subglobose, subpellucid; body large, ventricose; spire 

 rather small, consisting of four inflated volutions, deeply defined 

 by the line of the suture, and terminating in a rather acute 

 apex; aperture sublimate, somewhat longer than wide; outer 

 lip broad, white, and reflexed, with an internal rib ; pillar lip 

 broad at its junction with the body, and narrowing suddenly as 

 it descends; surface of a cinerious colour, and in some instances 

 of a pale yellowish hue ; beautifully mottled and streaked with 

 lines of dark chocolate-brown, with a single transverse band of 

 brown, investing the body volution, which continues spirally at 

 the base of the volutions of the spire, but gradually becomes 

 imperceptible before reaching the apex. 



Fig. 16 represents the young shell. 



In some specimens the girdle is wanting, and the shell of a 

 much paler colour, as in fig. 21. Sometimes the blotches and 

 markings are of a beautiful intense chocolate-colour. I have 

 seen specimens entirely divested of blotches or band. It is also 

 liable to some variety in the elevation of the spire. 



This is rather a local species, but is to be met with, in Britain 

 and Ireland, from one extreme of the islands to the other. 



