Involute.] 



MOLLUSCA. 



49 



Shell subdepressed, reddish-brown; body volution large, with 

 a slight carina round its centre; spire small, abruptly tapering, 

 consisting of four well defined, but depressed volutions, ter- 

 minating in a subacute apex ; aperture sublimate and roundish, 

 its width somewhat more than its length ; outer lip thin, even, 

 with an internal rib; pillar lip with a slight reflection over the 

 umbilicus, which is broad; exterior covered with rather remote, 

 scattered, irregular, decidous, whitish hairs, which are more 

 plentiful near the suture of the spire, and around the umbilicus, 

 beneath which it is concentrically grooved. Diameter upwards 

 of three-eighths of an inch ; length not quite so much. 



This species is nearly allied to H. hispida, but somewhat 

 larger, with a wider umbilicus, the hairs considerably more dis- 

 tant, and is generally more convex. 



The H. concinna is widely spread all over England and 

 Ireland. Its habitat is in drv situations, under stones and 

 among nettles. 



24. Helix depilata, pi. XVIII, f. 47, 48. 



Helix depilata, PfeifFer, I, p. 35, pi. 2, f. 18; Alder, Mag. 

 Zool. and Bot., II, p. 107. 



Shell subglobose, depressed, concentrically grooved, and of a 

 pale yel'.owish-brown ; body very large ; spire small, consisting 

 of four volutions, terminating in a sharp point; base rather flat, 

 provided with a pretty large umbilicus ; aperture lunate ; outer 

 lip white, and thickened. Diameter not three-eighths of an 

 inch ; length a quarter of an inch. 



This species is bald in all its stages from the young to the 

 adult condition. It is somewhat like H. concinna, but is con- 

 siderably smaller. 



Inhabits moist situations, under hedges, &c. 



Sub-Genus 5 Heliomanes — Ferussac. 



Subglobose, umbilicated ; peristome not refected; epidermis 

 thin ; epiphragm membranaeous. 



25. Helix vihgata, pi. XVII, f. 42, 43, 44 — First Ed., 

 pi. 40, f. 42, 43, 44. 



Helix virgata, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 415, pi. 24, f. 1; 

 Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 79; lb., Brit. An., p. 261; 

 Brown, Wernerian Mem., II, p. 524; Maton and Rackett, Linn. 

 Tr., VIII, p. 195; Turton, Man., p. 40, f. 31 ; Thompson, Ann. 

 and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 28 ; Helix sonaria, Pennant, Brit. 

 Zool., IV, p. 137, pi. 85, f. 133; Donovan, Brit. Sh., pi. 65; 

 Helix variabilis, Drapernaud, p. 84, pi. 5, f. 11, 12 ; Lamarck, 

 An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 83; Rossmassler, Icon., VI, p. 

 31, pi. 26, f. 356, a tof; Ferussac, Journ. Phys., p. 297 ; Alder, 

 Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 109; Helix striata, Brard, p. 36, 

 pi. 2, f. 5, 6 ; Teba virgata, Leach, Moll., p. 93. 



Shell subglobose, subpellucid ; body large ; spire small, con- 

 sisting of five considerably inflated volutions, deeply defined by 

 the sutural line ; aperture sublunated, longer than wide, of a 

 pale purplish-brown internally, inside with a narrow, white, 

 thread-like elevation ; outer lip thin, but not reflected ; pillar 

 lip slightly reflexed over the umbilicus; whole surface white, 

 tinged with pale pink, usually with a dark purplish-brown zone 

 round the centre of the body, continuing spirally at the base 

 of the volutions of the spire, until it reaches the apex ; base 

 of the body generally with three or four concentric lines of 

 the same dark colour ; these in some instances are confluent, 



the intervening colourless parts appearing in spots ; others are 

 provided with two or three broader circular bands at the base, 

 none of which, however, run close to the umbilicus, which is 

 only of moderate size, but deep. Ordinary diameter three- 

 eighths of an inch ; but is frequently met with three-quarters 

 of an inch. 



This shell is subject to great variety in colour, and also in 

 the number and disposition of its bands and markings ; one of 

 which is of a dark chocolate-brown, with a white central band 

 round the body ; sometimes it is pure white, and destitute of 

 bands, while in other white specimens the zones are quite dis- 

 tinct and transparent ; the apex for the most part is black. A 

 beautiful variety is of a pale flesh-colour, with a white central 

 band. 



We met with a lusus of this species (pi. XVII, f. 41 and 45) 

 at Farbane, King's County, Ireland, with the volutions of the 

 spire subscalariform, and the whole surface of a uniform red- 

 dish-brown colour, with a white band round the centre of the 

 body, and continuing round the base of the volutions of the 

 spire ; and the apicial volutions rather obtuse. 



The H. virgata is a local species both in England and Ire- 

 land, but most plentiful where it occurs. It does not appear to 

 extend further north than the central counties of England. In 

 Ireland, I met with it plentifully in the King's County, Queen's 

 County, and Kildare. At Ballinakill, I found some very large 

 and beautiful specimens. My esteemed friend T. W. Warren, 

 Esq., of Dublin, possesses the most beautiful and varied series 

 of this shell, which any collection can boast of. The favourite 

 habitat of this species is dry, sandy situations. 



It has been remarked, that this shell never associates with 

 the H. eriectorum. 



26. Helix caperata, pi. XVII, f. 37 and 39. 



Helix caperata, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 430, pi. 1 1 , f . 1 1 ; 

 Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 188; lb., Man., p. 42, f. 32 ; Maton and 

 Rackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 196; Brown, Wernerian Mem., II, 

 p. 536; Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 80 ; lb., Brit. An., p. 

 262; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XIII, p. 334; Forbes, Mai. Mon., p. 

 8 ; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 29 ; Helix 

 striata, Drapernaud, p. 106, pi. 6, f. 18 to 21; Lamarck, An. 

 San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 93; Rossmassler, V, p. 28, pi. 26, f. 

 354 ; Helix inter secta, Brard, p. 39, pi. 2, f. 7- 



Shell subpellucid, subdepressed ; spire with five flattened vo- 

 lutions, and terminating in a somewhat obtuse, nearly black 

 apex ; body provided with a subcarinated belt round its centre, 

 the base with a large and deep umbilicus ; aperture semilunar ; 

 outer and inner lips thin, the latter not reflected over the um- 

 bilicus; generally of an ash-colour, or yellowish, and entirely 

 covered with strong, regular, close-set, longitudinal stria? ; supe- 

 rior portion of the body usually provided with a brown spiral 

 band, which is continuous on the base of the volutions of the 

 spire; base generally with several concentric, dark brown bands, 

 which are interrupted at intervals, producing a catinated, or 

 spotted appearance ; sometimes the fasciae are confluent, and 

 spotted with white. Diameter at the base generally about 

 three-eighths of an inch ; height about a quarter. 



This species is liable to considerable variation in colour and 

 markings, and even in size. Some are of a brownish ash-colour, 

 gray, or cream-colour ; others are dark brown, with a white, 

 subcarinated band round the body ; but most of them have a 



