52 



MOLLUSCA. 



[Trachelipoda 



p. 36, pi. 39, f. 527; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 108 ; 

 No. 22; Forbes, Mai. Mon., p. 10; Thompson, Ann. and Mag 

 Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32 ; Helix nitida, Drapemaud, p. 1 17, pi. 3 

 f. 23, 24, 25 ; Brard, p. 34, pi. 2, f. 3, 4 ; Brown, Ency. Brit, 

 6th Ed., VI, p. 458; Helix nitens, Maton and llackett, Linn 

 Tr., VIII, p. 198, pi. 5, f. 7; Brown, Wemerian Mem., II, p 

 525 ; Helix lucida, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 425, pi. 23, f. 4 

 Turton, Man., p. 5(5, pi. 4, f. 40 ; Zonites lucida, Leach, Moll., 

 p. 10. 



Shell thin, smooth, glossy, and pellucid, of a yellowish-green 

 horn-colour ; body very wide, but short ; spire small, much 

 depressed, and very little elevated above the body, consisting 

 of four volutions, not deeply divided, but well defined by the 

 sutural line, terminating in a blunted apex; base not much 

 rounded, furnished with a moderately large and very deep um- 

 bilicus, and of a paler colour than the superior portion ; aper- 

 ture [uniform, compressed, oblique, its length and width equal ; 

 outer lip thin, and not at all reflected. Varying in diameter 

 from half an inch to three-quarters. 



This species is almost universally diffused throughout Great 

 Britain and Ireland. Its habitat is variable, sometimes being 

 found in cellars, — hence its name, — and at other times lurking 

 under stones on the sides of roads, or in meadows and fields, 

 and always in damp situations. T. W. Warren, Esq., of Dub- 

 lin, possesses some very large specimens, measuring seven lines 

 and a half in diameter, which he found in drains within the 

 City of Dublin. 



33. Helix alliaria, pi. XVII, f. 48 and 52 First Ed., 



pi. 40, f. 48 and 52. 



Helix alliaria, Miller, Ann. Phil., N. S., VII, p. 379 ; Tur- 

 ton, Man., p. 56, f. 39; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 108; 

 Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32; Helix nitens, 

 Sheppard, Linn. Trans., XVI, p. 160; Helix foetcda, Stark, 

 Elem. Nat. Hist., II, p. 59; Helix alliacea, Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., 

 XIII, p. 341 and 511. 



Variety 1. Larger. 



Helix glabra, Studer; Ferussac, Prod., No. 215; Alder, 

 Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 108; Rossmassler, VIII, p. 36, pi. 

 39, f- 528. 



Variety 2. Greenish-white, and very transparent. 



Shell almost smooth, thin, very glossy, transparent, yellowish 

 or a greenish horn-colour; body large, slightly produced on the 

 sides ; spire small, consisting of three nearly depressed, but 

 deeply divided volutions; base a little rounded, and whitish; 

 aperture sublimate and suboblique, clasping about two-thirds of 

 the body ; whole surface covered with nearly obsolete, longitu- 

 dinal wrinkles, which are only visible by the aid of a strong 

 lens; umbilicus large and deep. Diameter a quarter of an 

 inch ; height about half its circumference. 



This species has much the aspect of H. cellaria, but is only 

 about a third of the size ; it is much more glossy and trans- 

 parent than either the //. cellaria or nitidula, the aperture is 

 less oblique than either, and the umbilicus larger. When alive, 

 it has a fetid smell, somewhat resembling garlic. 



Its habitat is in woods and shaded places, under decayed 

 leaves, &c. ; and on wet banks, among mosses and jungerman- 

 nise. 



This species is met with in all parts of Britain ; and is plen- 



tiful near Lancaster, the neighbourhood of Durham, and Gis- 

 borne Park, Yorkshire ; near Edinburgh, and in Fifcshire, 

 Scotland. Jeffreys says he found it so far north as Lerwick, 

 in Shetland, near the sea shore under stones. Mr. Thompson 

 says that it occurs in Ireland, from the exposed sea shore to the 

 mountain side, and in shaded situations in woods. The green 

 variety is the most common in Ireland, as well as in Scotland. 



34. Helix nitidula, pi. XVIII,* f. 1, 2. 



Helix nitidula, Drapemaud, p. 117, pi. 8, f. 21, 22; Gray, 

 Med. Rep., 1821, p. 239; Sheppard, Linn. Trans., XIV, p. 

 160; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XIII, p. 340; Alder, Cat., p. 134, f. 

 49; lb., Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 107; Thompson, Ann. and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32. 



Variety 1. Helix Helmii, Gilbertson, MSS.; Alder, Local. 

 Cat., p. 1 07. 



Shell subpellucid; consisting of four and a half volutions, the 

 whole much depressed, those of the spire but little raised, and 

 defined by a very slender line, the body one rounded at the 

 sides; apex obtuse; base a little concave, with a large and deep 

 umbilicus, exposing the lower volutions of the spire internally; 

 aperture semilunar; whole surface with rather strong, longitu- 

 dinal wrinkles ; of a dull yellowish-brown above, the base more 

 glabrous, except close around the umbilicus, where it is opaque 

 and whitish. Diameter about three-tenths of an inch. 



It differs from H. cellaria in being a little more convex 

 above, and somewhat more concave below. Its dull aspect 

 above is also a well marked character. The opaque white be- 

 low is not so much spread as in the former species. 



Found under stones, at the sides of hedges, in England, 

 where it is rather local, and in Ireland, where it is generally 

 diffused, Mr. Thompson gives its habitat "among mosses, in 

 glens and sheltered places;" and adds, "from two localities in 

 this country (Ireland), I have seen Helices of crystalline trans- 

 parency, and in form intermediate between H. nitidula and H. 

 alliaria'' 



35. Helix lucida, pi. XVIII,* f. 3, 4. 



Helix lucida, Drapemaud, p. 103, pi. 8, f. 11, 12; Pfeiffer, 

 I, p. 35, pi. 2, f. 18; Von Alten, S. 72, pi. 8, f. 15; Thomp- 

 son, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 33 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. 

 and Bot., II, p. 107 ; Turton, Man., p. 56, pi. 5, f. 38 ; Brard, 

 p. 34, pi. 2, f. 3, 4 ; Helix nitida, Gray, Med. Rep., 1821, p. 

 239. 



Shell dark chocolate-colour when the inhabitant is alive, and 

 of a dark horn-colour when extracted, subdepressed ; spire 

 slightly elevated, consisting of four volutions, finely striated 

 longitudinally; base a little produced, with a large umbilicus, in 

 which the second volution is visible; aperture subrotund. Dia- 

 meter about a quarter of an inch. 



This species may be confounded with its congeners, but will 

 be distinguished from H. nitidula, cellaria, and alliaria, by its 

 greater convexity, its more regular striae, darker colour, and in 

 being devoid of the opaque whitish aspect of its base. 



This is a rare and local species. It has been met with near 

 Wolverhampton ; Tenby, Wales ; in the neighbourhood of 

 Shrewsbury, and near Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Mr. Thompson 

 remarks that it appears to be rare in Ireland, as well as in 

 England. He gives as localities, in the rejectamenta of the 

 rivers Lagan and Blackwater, near Belfast ; also near Portar- 

 lington and Finnoe, north of Tipperary. 



