1 12 



DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 



11, 12. Helix pun 53 



18, 14. Helix obvoluta 53 



15, 16. Testacclla Haliotoidea. 54 



17, i".* Limax maximus 55 



18, 18.* Limax flavus 55 



19, 19.* Limax carinatus 55 



20, Limax agrestie 56 



21, Limax arboreus 131 



22, 23. Helix aculeata 47 



24.2.'). Clausilia Ijitlens 37 



26, 27. Clausilia bidens, var. 



nigricans 38 



l'7 exhibits the mechanism of 

 the aperture of the Clausilia;. 

 Internal view of the aperture 

 of Olausilia bidens, to expose 

 the hinge bone ; the mouth 

 lies towards the left ; the neck 

 is broken off at a ; the upper 

 fold b ; the lower fold c ; the 

 intermediate fold d ; a thin 

 fold runs down from the colu- 

 mella, as in many of the 

 Clausilia?, but not quite pro- 

 truding beyond it e ; a fold at 

 the roof, which answers the 

 purpose of the aperture of the 

 hinge bone, which interiorly 

 runs parallel, quite to the top 

 of the roof parallel with the 

 suture exteriorly, becomes 

 visible like a white thread- 

 like line ; the lowest rounded 

 off leaf-like part of the hinge 

 bone which closes up the 

 aperture of the Ctausium.) 



28. Acme fusca 34 



29. Operculum of Cyclostoma 

 elegans 34 



30. 31. Lymna;a minuta, var. 



Rossmassler 28 



32, 33. Lymnaa ovata, var. 



vulgaris, Drapernaud 29 



34, 35. Lymnsea ovata, Draper- 

 naud 29 



36, 37. Lymnam ovata, var. 



peregra, Drapernaud 29 



38,38.* Pupa muscorum 39 



19, 39.* Pupa umbilicata 40 



40,40.* Pupa unidentata 39 



Plate XIX. 



1,2. Utriculus plicatus 58 



3,4. Utriculus discors 58 



5, 6. Utriculus obtusus 58 



7,8. Utriculus minutus 58 



9. Volvaria umbilicata 3 



10, 11. Utriculus pellucidus ... 59 



12, Volvaria retusa 4 



13, 14. Utriculus candidus 59 



15, 16. Bulla producta 57 



17, 18. Volvaria truncata 4 



19, 20. Volvaria subcyliudrica. 3 



21.22. Bulla emarginata 4 



23, 24. Nulla lignaria 56 



25, 26. Bulla denticulata 57 



27,28. Galericulum ova turn ... 23 



29,30. Bulla Hydatis 57 



31,32. Akera flexilia 59 



33,34. Bullaen carina 57 



35, 38. Galericulum lsevigatum 23 



36, 37. Volvaria cylindrica ... 3 



39,40. Utriculus Lima 58 



41, 42. Bulla striata 57 



43,44. Volvaria alba 3 



45,46. Volvaria pellucida 4 



47. Bulla alba 56 



Plate XX. 



1, 4, 6. Lottia virginea 63 



2, 3, 7, 8, 1 1 . Patella pellu- 



cida 64 



(2, 3, 7, and 8, young.) 

 5, 12, 14, 15, 17. Patella vul- 



gata 63 



(17, var. 1, vulgata; 15, var. 2, 

 communis; 12 and 14, var. 3, 

 albumena; 5, var. 4, conica.) 



9, 10. Lottia testudinalis 64 



13. Patella ca;rulea 64 



16.18. Calyptraa sinense 60 



19,20. Pileopsis ungarica 60 



21, 22. Orbicnla Norvegica ... 69 



Plate XXI. 



1, 16. Chiton lrcvigatus 67 



2, Chiton albus 66 



3, Chiton marginatus 66 



4, 12, 13, 15. Chiton acha- 

 tinus 65 



5, 8. Chiton fascicularis 65 



6,9. Chiton ruber 66 



7. Chiton crinitus 66 



10,11. Chiton lffivis 65 



14.19. Chiton Asellus 66 



17. Chiton fuscatus ti6 



18. Chiton cinereus 66 



20. Chiton discrepans 65 



21. Chiton Aselloides 66 



22. Chiton quinquevalvis 67 



Plate XXII. 



1.4. Anomia Ephippium 69 



2, 3. Anomia undulata 69 



5. Anomia squamula 69 



6. Anomia aculeata 69 



7. 8. Anomia cylindrica 70 



9. Orbicula Norvegica 69 



10,11,12. Terebratula cranium 68 



13, 14, 15. Terebratula aurita. 68 



16,17. Pecten nebulosus 72 



Plate XXIII. 



1,2. Mytilus crenatus 77 



3. Avicula Anglica 74 



4.5. Lima sulcata 74 



6,7,7.* Lima fragilis 74 



8,9. Lima tenera 74 



10, 10,*, 11, 11.* Lima vitrina 74 



12, 13, 14. Crenclla clliptica... 75 



15, l<i. Galeomma Turtoni ... in 



17, 18. Binghami paradoxus ... — 

 ( A remarkable bivalve, dredged 

 in Leith roads by the late 

 General Richard Bingham.) 



19. Ostrca edulis 71 



20. Crenatula Travisii 75 



Plate XXIV. 



1,2. Pecten opercularis 71 



(2, var. lineatus.) 



3. Pecten Islandicus 72 



4. Pecten varius 72 



5. Pecten Jacobscus 71 



6. Pecten obsoletus 72 



7. Pecten la;vis 72 



8. Pecten spinosus 73 



Plate XXV. 



1. Pecten maximus 71 



2. Pecten sinuosus 73 



3,4. Pecten glaber 73 



5, 6. Pecten similis 73 



7. Pecten Jamesoni 73 



8. Pecten Landsburgi 73 



Plate XXVI. 



1. Pinna ingens 75 



2. Pinna elegans 76 



3. Pinna fragilis 75 



Plate XXVII. 



1,2,3,4,5,6. Modiola papuana 77 

 (2, 5, and 6, young shells; 3 and 

 4, var. umbilicata.) 



7. Modiola Gibbsii 78 



8. Modiola discrepans 



9. Modiola Prideauxiana 78 



10. Modiola marmorata 78 



11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Mytilus edulis 76 

 (11, var. 1, edulis; 14 and 15, 



var. 2, elegans; 13, var. 3, 

 pellucidus; 12, var. 5, incur- 

 vatus.) 



Plate XXVIII. 



1,2,3,4. Anodon Cygneus... 79 



1, 3, and 4, var. 1, Cygneus... 79 



2, var. 4, stagnalis 79 



Plate XXVIII.* 

 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Ano- 

 don Cygneus 79 



1, var. 2, cellensis 79 



2, young 79 



6 and 7, var. 6, complanata... 80 



3, 4, and 5, var. 10, piscinalis 80 

 8 and 9, var. 11, rostrata 80 



Plate XXIX. 



1, 2, 3. Anodon Cygneus 79 



1, var. 3, anatina 79 



2, var. 7, Avonensis 80 



3, var. 8, ponderosa 80 



4, Dreissena polymorpha 76 



Plate XXX. 



1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Anodon 



Cygneus 79 



5 and 6, var. 5, intermedia ... 79 



1 and 2, var. 8, ponderosa ... 80 



3 and 4, var. 9, subrbombea... 80 



7 and 8, var. 12, contorta ... 81 

 '.). Isocardia Cor 86 



Plate XXX.' 



1, 2, 3, 4. Alasmodon marga- 



ritiferus K3 



4, var. 2. Roiasyi 83 



2, var. 3, minor 83 



3, var. 4, arcuata 84 



1, var. 5, olivacca 84 



5. Isocardia Cor 86 



6,7. Ostrea edulis, var 71 



Plate XXXI. 



1,2. Alasmodon margaritiferus 83 



(2, hinge.) 



3, 4, 5, 6. Unio Batavus 82 



(4, internal view of the teeth ; 

 5, external view of the teeth.) 

 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Uuio pictorum 81 

 (7 and 10, var. 1, ordinary form; 

 8, var. 2; 9, var. 3; 11, ex- 

 ternal view of the hinge.) 



12, 13, 14. Unio ovalis 82 



(14, external view of the teeth.) 



Plate XXXII. 

 1, 2, 3, 4. Unio Deshaysii ... 81 

 (3, internal view of the teeth; 4, 

 external view of the teeth.) 



5. 6, 7, 8. Unio tumidus 82 



(7, internal view of the teeth ; 8, 



external view of the teeth.) 

 9, 10, 11, 12. Unio rostrata... 82 

 (11, internal view of the teeth ; 

 12, external viewoftheteeth.) 



13, 14, 15. Alasmodon Roissyi 83 

 ( 1 5, external view of the teeth. ) 



Plate XXXIII. 



1,2,3. Area Noae 86 



4,5. Area fusca 86 



6. Area lactea 86 



7. Area barbata 86 



8. 9. Pectunculus Glycimeris. 85 

 10, 11. Pectunculus pilosus ... 85 



12. Nucula margaritacea 85 



13. Nucula tenuis 85 



14. 15. Nucula argentea 85 



16. Nucula rostrata 84 



17. Nucula oblonga 84 



18. Nucula minuta t!4 



19. Nucula truncata 84 



20,21. Area tetragona 86 



Plate XXXIV. 

 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7. Cardium acu- 



leatum 87 



(3, 4, 5, and 7, young.) 

 6, 8. Cardium echinatum ... 87 



9. Cardium tuberculatum ... 87 



Plate XXXV. 

 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Cardium 

 edule 87 



8. Cardium zonatum 88 



9, 11. Cardium fasciatum ... 88 



10. Cardium exiguum 88 



12, 13, 14, 15. Cardium laivi- 



gatum 88 



16, 17. Cardium oblongum ... 88 



