CLIMATE 
Parasites 
ANIMALS Predators 
Herbivores 
VEGETATION 
Saprovores 
SOIL 
Decomposers 
LANDFORMS 
Radiation Precipitation Temperature Wind. 
Insects and 
Other Invertebrates Birds Mammals 
Mosquitoes, 
Warble flies, ———- _eVj7jai eo > 
etc. 
Sandel Owls, Fox, 
ene P Bers Jaegers Weasels 
Some adult 
Lemmings, 
WIGS: Waterfowl Sati 
leaf-hoppers; quirrels 
etc. 
Grasses, 
Sedges, Willows 
Beetles, 
Spiders 
Caribou 
(Dead Vegetation) 
<a 
Decaying 
Organic 
Matter 
Fly larvae 
and other 
invertebrates 
Microbes 
(Bacteria, 
fungi, etc.) 
Dunes 
and 
Pingos 
Lake 
Basins 
Polygonal 
Ridges 
Ground 
Fig. 1. Flow diagram of major components of the Prudhoe terrestrial tundra 
and their interrelationships. 
XIV 
