66 
x 08 
OR Oya e 
1 4 i 4 
9° io oe) lo oe I IO a 
Jun mil Jul | Aug 
Fig. 4. Potassium content of a small lake, 1971 
and 1972. 
— SS ie T as 
50+ (+1971 (0)1I972 oes 
40} | 
Ca 
pam 2Or 
20h es ° Y 4 
lOrF 4 
2 Seon EIZO 10. 20 10. 20 
Jun Jul Aug 
Fig. 5. Calcium content of a small lake. 
T lat T T T T 
(*)1971 (°)1972 
10. 20 10. 20 10. 20 
Jun Jul Aug 
Fig. 6. Ammonia-N content of a small lake, 
1971 and 1972. 
that is in contact with the soil for long periods 
of time should come closer to reaching equilib- 
rium solubilities. 
Actually, both of the above conditions are 
probably responsible for causing higher soluble 
salt contents in low-lying organic soils. 
Lakes and rivers 
Of the numerous water sampling locations 
studied, several sampling sites are shown in 
Fig. 3. The data from these sites are discussed in 
this report because they represent trends to be 
expected in small lakes, small streams and larger 
rivers in the area. 
Small lakes: Fig. 4, 5, and 6 show the 
concentrations of potassium, calcium and am- 
monia in a small lake for 1971 and 1972. 
The amount of potassium and calcium in this 
lake in 1971 was approximately 20-100% greater 
than comparable data for 1972. The ammonia 
concentration in 1971 was up to 500% greater 
than comparable concentrations found in 1972. 
With each of the ions, potassium, calcium and 
ammonia, early season values in 1971 were 
essentially the same as seasonally comparable 
values in 1972. During July and August in 1971, 
the concentration of these ions increased much 
more than the increase in concentration of the 
same ions during the 1972 summer. It should be 
noted that rainfall data are available for 1971, 
but comparable data are not available for 1972, 
which was a much wetter year than 1971. Many 
low areas that lost all standing water in 1971 
had standing water throughout the 1972 field 
season. It is our opinion that the differences in 
slope between 1971 and 1972 are, in part, 
caused by these rainfall differences. In both 
1971 and 1972, observations on water level in 
this lake were made. The depth of water de- 
creased as the season advanced. If one assumes 
that all of this loss was caused by evaporation, 
the concentration caused by evaporation does 
not account for the increased amounts of cal- 
cium or ammonia found in August of 1971. 
Since lakes occupy low-lying positions, the same 
explanations used to describe the soil-organic 
matter, soluble salt relationships apply here. 
Small streams: The small stream discussed 
here drained the Tundra Biome intensive site 
and was sampled at two locations, one above 
