106 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
FLORAL HOROLOGE FOR KANSAS. 
BY B. B. SMYTH, TOPEKA. 
Read before the Academy October 27, 1898. 
This ‘‘clock’’ represents the time of day of the opening and closing of a goodly 
number of native flowers and a few naturalized flowers in the state of Kansas, 
and is the result of many years observations on Kansas plants. The time given 
for each species is that observed during the height of the flowering season for 
that particular species. The time of opening (and closing) is modified somewhat 
by the length of the day and dense cloudiness. The clock is still subject to cor- 
rection, the result of further needed and closer observation: 
1 a.m. Argemone alba, thistle poppy: flowers remain open all day. 
Convolvulus incanus, hoary bindweed; flowers close about noon. 
2 a.m. Convolvulus sepium, hedge bindweed; flowers close at evening. 
Ipomoea pandurata, wild moonflower: close at 10 a.m. 
3 a.m. Ipomoea leptophylla, bush morning-glory; close at noon. 
Tragopogon porrifolius, salsify; close before noon. 
Ipomcea lacunoga, wild potato vine; close about 2 p. m. 
4 a.m. Convolvulus arvensis, bindweed; close at 10 a.m. in sunshine, later 
in cloudy weather. 
Cichorium Intybus, chicory; close before noon. 
Ipomoea quamoclit, cypress-vine; close about noon. 
Ipomoea coccinea, scarlet cypress-vine; close about noon, except in 
cloudy weather. 
Oenothera speciosa, white evening-primrose; last all day. ' 
Krigia oppositifolia, dwarf dandelion; close at 10 a. m. 
a.m. Ipomoea purpurea, morning-glory; close about 11 a. m., except in 
cloudy weather. 
Ipomoea hederacea, blue morning-glory; close about noon, except in 
cloudy weather. 
Mentzelia oligosperma, small mentzelia; close at 1 p. m. 
Sonchus oleraceus, sow thistle; withers about noon. 
Commelina virginica, day-flower: close in heat of day. 
Evoivulus argenteus, dwarf morning-glory; close at 3 p. m. 
Nelumbo lutea, yellow water-lily; close at 2 p.m.; reopen several 
days in succession. 
Lactuca scariola, prickly lettuce; close at or before noon. 
Lygodesmia pauciflora, tooth-leaved gas-plant; close early in after- | 
noon. 
6 a.m. Tradescantia virginiana, spiderwort; close about noon. 
Lygodesmia juncea, small-leafed gas-plant; close early in the after- 
noon. 
Sonchus asper, sow thistle; wither at noon. 
Claytonia virginica, spring beauty; close in afternoon; reopen once. 
Callirrhoe involucrata, rose mallow; close 6 to7 p. m.; reopen next 
day once or twice. 
Prenanthes crepidinea, large drop-flower; drop off in afternoon. 
Castalia pudica, white water-lily; close at 3 p.m.; reopen several 
days in succession. 
Pyrrhopappus scaposus, tuberous dandelion, close at 6 p. m.; reopen 
for several days in succession; close also in continued rain or — 
dense cloudiness. 
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