228 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
reconnoisance of a new route through the Rocky mountains. By Howard Stans- 
bury, captain corps topographical engineers U.S. army. Printed by order of 
the Senate of the United States. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1852. 
1 vol. 8vo, pp. 487, pll. Contains Appendix C. Birds. By Spencer F. Baird. 
pp. 314-335. Route through Kansas. Birds casually mentioned in the narrative, 
but no new ones for the state. 
1858. Barrp, S. F., Cassin, J.. anD LAWRENCE, G. N. 33d Congress, 2d 
session, House of Representatives, Ex. Doc. No. 91. Reports of Explorations and 
Surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economic route for a railroad from 
the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean, made under the direction of the secre- 
tary of war in 1853-6, according to acts of congress of March 3, 1853, May 31, 
1854, and August 5, 1854. Vol. IX. Washington: A. O. P. Nicholson, printer. 
1858. 4to, subtitled as follows: Explorations and surveys for a railroad route 
from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean. War department. Birds: by 
Spencer F. Baird, assistant secretary Smithsonian Institution, with the codpera- 
tion of John Cassin and Geo. N. Lawrence. Washington, D.C. 1858. pp. i-lvi, 
1-1005. 
This work is part II of the general report upon the zodlogy of the ‘ Pacific 
Railroad Routes.’’ (Part I, Mammals, is volume 8 of the series; and parts III 
and IV, Reptiles and Fishes, are found in volume 10 of the series.) 
The authors give a careful review with excellent descriptions of all the species 
of American birds found north of Mexico which had been recognized up to the 
date of the report. There are specific references to seventy species found in 
Kansas by the exploring parties sent out by the government and the Smithsonian 
Institution. As Kansas then extended westward to the summit of the Rocky 
mountains and there are numerous errors of record in the tables of this report, 
it requires great care to determine whether the specimens are really of Kansas 
origin. The itinerary of each exploring party must be carefully studied, with the 
maps of that time and of the present for comparison. The government exploring 
parties which entered Kansas previous to 1858 are as follows: 
1804. Lewis and Clarke. Up the Missouri river. 
1806. Lieutenant Pike. Entered the state from the east by way of the Osage 
river. From the Osage village northwest to the Pawnee village on the Republi- 
can in Nebraska. Thence south to the Arkansas. Up the Arkansas to Colorado. 
1819-20. Major Long. (Route already given.) 
1826. Surg. J. C. Brown. Explored the route known later as the Santa Fe 
trail. ; 
1842-3. Captain Fremont. (Route already mentioned.) 
1843. Captain Boone. North from the Cimarron to the Santa Fe trail. 
1846. Lieutenant Emory. From Fort Leavenworth south to the Santa Fe 
trail; then west by the ‘‘trail.’’ 
1849. Captain Stansbury. From Fort Leavenworth northwest to the Platte. 
1851. Captain Pope. East across the state by way of the Smoky Hill and 
Kansas rivers. 
1852. Lieutenant Woodruff. Examined the streams of the state. Map and 
report were never published. 
1853. Captain Gunnison. Westward from the mouth of the Kansas river by 
way of the Santa Fe trail. A detachment went by way of Fort Riley, and thence 
south to join the main party. 
1855. Lieutenant Ryan. Reconnoissance from Fort Leavenworth to Big Tim- 
bers, on the Arkansas. 
1855. Major Merrill. 
