ENGLISH UPPER SILURIAN OSTRACODA. l;?7 



some of the shales were a few minute bright crystals 

 of quartz. 



Small black coprolites were pretty constantly 



found, though not common. Lagence in some of the 



shales \vere frequent. They have been described by 



Dr. H. B. Brady, F.R.S., who, in his concluding 



remarks on them, says : " From these gatherings 



we learn that at least four of the varieties of 



Lagena at present living in our seas, namely, L. 



globosa, L. IcBvis, L. clavata, and L. sulcata, have a 



genealogy reaching back to the vipper Silurian 



epoch."* Lagena Icevis, one of the plainest of its 



tribe, is perhaps the most conservative animal in 



possession of a house at the present day. The 



Foraminifera Orbidina, Stachia, and possibly sevei'al 



others which have not yet been examined, have 



turned up in the shales. Archceocidaris remains, 



including plates, spines, bones, and teeth, were 



sparingly found. Spirals were rare, and bivalves 



rarer still. Small rugose and incrusting corals were 



frequent in some shales. Polyzoa "svere common in 



many shales. In the Quarterhj Journal of the 



Geological Society for April, 1882 (vol. 38, pp. 44-68), 



Mr. Vine has given a list of 24 species and varieties, 



but several still remain unnamed. The Annelida 



are represented by Cormdites serpularius, Sch., 



Tentaculites annidams, Sch., T. tenuis, Ortonia, and 



Spirorbis of several species. Small Brachiopods were 



abundant in many of the shales, and are possibly 



to a great extent the fry of the larger species. 



Three species of sponges, represented by their 



spicules, are rare in the shales, but frequent in the 



rotted limestone of Aymestry age near Craven 



Arms ; these are Astrceospongia patina, Roemer, 



Anactosella siluriensis, Hinde, and Hyalostelia gracilis, 



Hinde.f The following Auuelid-jaws, described by 



Dr. Hinde in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological 



Society for August, 1880 (vol. 36, pp. 368-378 ; pi. xiv.), 



• Geological Magazine, Xovciiiber, 1888. 

 t See Volume XL. of Palteontographical Society's Publications (1886). 



