36 CYPERACEA: 
ing towards the pistil; ovary 1-celled, often surrounded by bristles, which 
are the representatives of the perianth-segments in the rushes and other 
plants ; style 3-cleft, or rarely 2-cleft ; stigmas undivided ; fruit a 1-seeded 
nut. Most of the species are perennial. 
* Flowers with both stamens and pistils ; glumes in two ranks. 
1. GALINGALE (Cypérus).—Spikelets in heads, umbels or panicles ; glumes 
numerous in 2 ranks, keeled, nearly all fertile; bristles wanting. Name, 
the Greek name of the plant. 
2. Boc-rusH (Schenus).—Spikelets in compressed terminal heads, 1—4- 
flowered ; glumes 6—9, outer ones smaller, empty ; bristles small, 1 to 6, or 
wanting. Name from the Greek schoinos, a cord, which was sometimes made 
from plants of this tribe. 
* * Flowers with both stamens and pistils ; glumes imbricated on all sides. 
3. Twic-RusH (Cldédium).—Glumes about 6 in a spikelet, the outer ones 
smallest, and all but one or two empty ; bristles wanting ; fruit a coated nut. 
Name from the Greek klados, denoting a twig. 
4, BraKk-rusH (Iéhynchdspora).—Spikelets few-flowered ; glumes about 6, 
the outer ones smaller and empty ; bristles about 6, nut slightly flattened, 
crowned with the dilated base of the style. Name from the Greek rhynchos, 
and spora, signifying beaked-seed. 
5. Buysmus (Blysmus).—Spikelets arranged in the form of a 2-ranked 
spike; glumes imbricated on all sides, the outer ones longer and empty ; 
bristles several ; nut slightly flattened on one side, gradually tapering into 
the hardened style. Name from Greek blysmos, a spring, near which plants of 
the genus grow. 
6. SprkE-RUSH (Eledcharis).—Spikelet many-flowered, solitary, terminal ; 
glumes nearly all fertile, the outer largest ; bristles 2—6, short; style 2—3- 
cleft, jointed to the top of the ovary; fruit crowned with the permanent 
base of the style. Name from the Greek helos, a marsh, and chairo, to rejoice. 
7. Mup-rusH (Jsdlepis). — Spikelets many-flowered, terminal; glumes 
nearly all equal and fertile ; bristles wanting ; styles 2—3-cleft, not thickened 
at the base, falling off; fruit slightly pointed, or not at all. Name in Greek 
denoting equal scales. : 
8. CLUB-RUSH (Scirpus). —Spikelets many-flowered, terminal; glumes 
equal, one or two of the outer sometimes barren ; bristles 1 to 6; style 2—3 
cleft, not jointed at the base, falling off ; fruit slightly pointed, or not at all.* 
Name from the Celtic cirs, a cord. 
9. CoTTON-GRASS (Hridphorum).—Glumes imbricated on all sides, nearly 
equal; bristles finally assuming the form of long silky hair. Name from 
the Greek erion, wool, and phora, to bear. 
* * * Stamens and pisiils in separate flowers. 
10. Kopresta (Kobrésia).—Spikelets few-flowered, all male, or the upper 
* The plants contained in these three genera—Zledcharis, Isdlepis, and Scirpus—are 
difficult of discrimination, and appear to be admitted to a new arrangement by every 
botanist that treats of them. That of Hooker and Arnott is here adopted. 
