98 GRAMINEA! 
attracted by the little white or yellowish anthers which seem to hang out of 
the very stalk. The foliage soon turns yellow. It is a plant very likely to 
be overlooked, and perhaps is less rare on our shores than is generally 
believed. It flowers from July to September, and its smooth stem is rather 
leafy. The oblong seed is shut up in the little hollow of each joint of the 
rachis, and falls off with it. 
There is a var. incurvatus, found on ballast heaps at Fife, with a stouter 
stem and a strongly curved spike. 
41. (13) KNApPIA (Knadppia). 
Early Knappia (K. agrostidéa).—Spike slender, spikelets on very short 
footstalks ; glumes purplish ; flowering glumes white, very hairy ; annual. 
This is a minute and very rare grass, found in sandy pastures near the sea, 
at Anglesea; also in the Channel Islands. Several stems grow from the 
same root ; they are from one to three inches high, erect, and slender. The 
leaves are smooth, short, and channelled at the base of the stem. ‘The grass 
flowers in April and May, the spikelets being either green or purplish. It 
seems to be found more frequently on the coast of Anglesea than elsewhere. 
It has been gathered from the banks of the Thames in Essex, but is now 
extinct there. Also known as Miborw verna. 
42. (3) CorD-GRASS (Spartina). 
1. Twin-spiked Cord-grass (S. stricta).—Spikes two to eight, close 
together, sometimes solitary ; glumes silky ; rootstock extensively creeping, 
perennial. This rare and remarkably rigid little grass grows in muddy salt 
marshes on the south and south-east coasts of England, from Devon to Kent, 
and as far north as Lincolnshire ; and in the Channel Islands. The stem is 
smooth, marked with fine lines; the leaves, tapering at the base, are jointed 
upon the sheath, and but little longer than the spikes. The stem is from 
six inches to a foot high, and the plant flowers in July. 
2. Many-spiked Cord-grass (S. alternifléra).—Spikes numerous; glumes 
polished. This is readily distinguished from the last species by its smooth 
glumes, by the rachis being continued beyond the spike, and also by its 
leaves, which are not jointed to the leaf-stalk, but are dilated at the base, 
and continuous with it. It is much taller than the last, and is an exceedingly 
rare plant of muddy salt marshes. It was discovered by Dr. Bromfield in 
1836, at Itchen Ferry, Southampton. Sir J. D. Hooker regards it as a var. 
of S. stricta. 
43, (28) Doae’s-rooTrH Grass (Cynodon). 
Creeping Dog’s-tooth Grass (C. déctylon).—Partial spikes four or 
five in a crowded cluster ; empty glumes smooth, flowering glumes longer 
than the empty ones; perennial. This rare and singular grass is found on 
the sandy shore between Penzance and Marazion in Cornwall, where it also 
grew in the days of John Ray, and it was long thought that this was the 
only locality for it in this kingdom. It is now known to occur also on some 
parts of the Devonshire coast, and at Studland in Dorsetshire, as well as in 
the Channel Islands. The stem is from three to six inches high, creeping 
