38 
ae (or some of them) narrowed into a_ distinct, 
slender “beak” at the upper part (at least when | 
| ripe), which bears the pappus. 
-All the leaves from the root, the flower-stalk leafless 
a and hollow. } 
Tarax’acum Dens-leo’nis. Dandelion. 
~Stem more or less leafy. 
: es not hairy ; fruits more or less flattened 
2 (see 6 above) ; heads with rather few florets. 
( 
“aay 
Lactu'ca. Lettuce. 
Leaves hairy; fruits not flattened (see @ above) ; 
heads with numerous florets. } 
Cre'pis. Hawk's-beard. 
-Fruits without any distinct beak at the top, the 
pappus springing from the apex of the fruit | 
itself. 
_Leaves at the middle of the stem projecting on eS 
side of the base in pointed, or large rounded an 
toothed, ‘‘ auricles.” 
Leaves with numerous teeth, or with toothed~ 
f segments ; fruits flattened; stem hollow. ; 
Son’'chus. Sowthistle 
~Leaves (and segments) with few teeth, or none >) 
| fruits not flattened. J 
Cre'pis. Hawk's-beard. 
Leaves with small, rounded, entire auricles, or none, or 
leaves all from the root. 
peaupee pure white, silky; fruits more or less 
| narrowed at the top. } 
L Cre'pis. Hawhk’s-beard. 
Pappus dirty-white or brownish ; fruits not menor 
at the top. J 
Hiera’ceum. /awkweed. 
GROUP III. 
Leaves with prickly teeth or points, or edged with sharp 
( ~ pristles. 
-Innermost bracts long and very narrow, shining, 
| surrounding the head like rays. } 
| Carli’na vulga'ris. Carline Thistle. 
~Bracts not shining and radiating, various in arrange- 
ment. (Including Onopor don, see under 
L Carduus). Car'duus. Thistle? 
Leaves not prickly or bristly, 
