72 RISEN. [Vol. XVII. 



Irregiilar Bretzel. — The leaders or spireme segments have 

 contracted and formed bretzel-shaped chromosomes, two or 

 more of which are connected by chromoplasts. The chromo- 

 meres are reconstituting into six larger chromomeres in every 

 chromosome. The linin network is becoming more and more 

 disintegrated, separating itself from the chromosomes and 

 accumulating in a different part of the cell. During this stage 

 the central spindle is forming, and at the end of the stage the 

 nuclear membrane is being dissolved by the mantle fibers 

 (Figs. 35-46). 



Bretzel Metaphase. — The bretzel-shaped chromosomes have 

 separated from each other, a part of a chromoplast remaining 

 attached to each one of them, but no two are connected 

 together. The nuclear membrane is entirely dissolved ; the 

 linin granules have mixed with the cytoplasm, and the chro- 

 mosomes have been thrown on the central spindle and are at 

 the end of this stage arranged in a ring on the equator of the 

 spindle (Figs. 47-53)- 



V-shaped Anaphase. — The equation division of the chromo- 

 somes has taken place, and the daughter-chromosomes have 

 been pulled towards the poles in the form of F's (Figs. 54-56) 

 by the contractile fibers. The chromoplast remains stationary 

 at the end of one of the arms of the chromosome. 



Confident Umbrella Stage. — The chromosomes have con- 

 tinued to contract and fuse together until they have so com- 

 pletely fused into an umbrella-shaped, ring-like mass that the 

 individual chromosomes are no more definable. In this stage 

 the endochromatic granules become distinct in the umbrella, 

 indicating the presence of the chromoplasts (Figs. 57-61). 

 One of the objects of this stage is to allow the chromoplasts 

 to move from the end of the chromosome to its angle. 



Chrysanthemuvi Stage. — In this stage the chromosomes 

 begin to reappear, and they are at that time bunched together 

 and the whole nucleus has the form of a chrysanthemum flower, 

 the open part being towards the daughter-cell. The chromo- 

 plasts appear from the start at the angle of the chromosomic 

 arms. The cytoplasmic membrane formed around the nucleus 

 is being more and more pulled away, giving the nucleus 



