512 



SHUFELDT. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE A. 



Hyoid arches and various views of the skull of Columbia livia ; about twice 

 natural size. After W. K. Parker. 

 Fig. I . Basal view of skull. 



Fig. 2 

 Fig. 3 

 Fig. 4 

 Fig. 5 



Rear view of skull. 



Upper view of skull. 



Lateral view of skull. 



Superior view of the hyoid arches. 



So., superoccipital ; m.o.f., middle occipital fontanelle ; c.c, exoccipital ; o.c, 

 occipital condyle ; b.o., basioccipital ; 9, anterior and posterior condyloid foramina; 

 8, foramen for vagus nerve; i.e., opening for internal carotid artery; bt., basi- 

 temporal; q., os quadratum; qj., quadratojugal; bs., basisphenoid ; J>g., ptery- 

 goid; /a., palatine; ao., antorbital ; /<?., prevomer; n., nasal; px., premaxillary ; 

 ar., articular; sq., squamosal; /., parietal; /., frontal; po., postfrontal; /., lacry- 

 mal; aj., alisphenoid; /j., presphenoid; /^., perpendicular ethmoid; i, olfactory 

 groove; 2, optic foramen; ag., angular; sag., surangular; d., dentary; prf., upper 

 prefrontal; j-.^.3., superorbital ridge; <r/^., connate ceratohyal ; bh., basihyal; uh., 

 urohyal; ppt., posterior pterygoid process. 



