The Histogenesis of Cysticercus pisiformis. 209 



But how can I gainsay the evidence of the common origin of 

 flame and capillary cells in Bugge's figs. 14 — 20 ? In the first place, 

 there is no certainty that figs. 14 — 16 represent flame cells, but 

 even if they do, as seems probable, what is there contrary to the 

 assumption that they are potentially groups of four flame cells, 

 rather than three flame cells and one capillary cell, the latter not 

 being shown in any of these three figures? Stronger evidence in 

 favor of Bugge's view is presented by his figs. 17 — 20. But even 

 here, the fact of the apparently intimate union of the three flame 

 cells (excepting those in fig. 19) and the more or less separate 

 position of the capillary cell renders these figures intelligible on 

 the assumption of a separate origin of flame cells and capillary 

 cells. My observations, lead me to conclude that ordinarily at least 

 the capillary cell is a parenchyma cell of separate 

 origin from the flame cells and that the capillary is 

 formed at first as a passage in parenchyma strands to 

 become modified later into a definite tube with a 

 specially modified wall. 



According to Bugge, the funnels as well as the rest of the 

 capillary are formed from the capillary cell. But if the latter has 

 the same origin as the flame cells and remains in continuity with 

 them thruout its development, what possible right has Bugge to 

 assume that the funnels and the proximal end of the capillary are 

 developed from the capillary cell and not from the flame cells? As 

 a matter of fact, as already stated the funnel, at least, is developed 

 from the flame cells, while in most cases it is impossible to say just 

 how much of the capillary belongs to the latter and how much to 

 the capillary cell. In the case represented in Fig. 42, it is evident 

 that no part of the capillary has its origin in a capillary cell since 

 here the latter is wanting. 



Regarding the development of the capillaries in Cysticercus 

 pisiformis and other forms, Pintner (1896, p. 677) says ". . . . dass 

 die Wände der Capillaren .... unbedingt als feine plasmatische 

 Ausführungsröhrchen der Trichterzelle selbst zu betrachten, dass sie 

 ein Theil derselben sind". This statement is in direct opposition to 

 those of Bugge who derives the capillaries entirely from his "fourth 

 cell" or my "capillary cell". As a matter of fact, both flame and 

 capillary cells usually take part in the formation of the capillary. 



As in the case of the sub-cuticular cells, so in that of the cells 

 surrounding the lumen of the excretory ducts, a différence of opinion 



