( Hi ) 



in the middle and most inaccessible part of the bush, whereas 

 pallene and other species apparently prefer the outer branches. 

 " I am inclined to think, from a good many years of observ- 

 ation, that the anal appendages (at any rate in the case of the 

 lolaus and Aphnseus groups) of many butterflies are intended 

 to deceive their enemies by resembling antennje. I have 

 repeatedly come across fresh specimens with that part of the 

 hind- wings injured, in many cases apparently bitten com- 

 pletely out, and I incline to the belief that Mantidee. are the 

 chief enemies of butterflies in the imago stage. A few days 

 ago I noticed a very large green Mantis ' stalking ' an /. j^fdlene. 

 The Mantis apparently was trying to edge round to the part 

 where the tails were. I watched it for some time, when 

 unfortunately a wasp settled on the flower and frightened 

 the pallene away." 



Professor Poulton observed that it was extremely interest- 

 ing thus to gain further independent evidence in favour of 

 the intei'px'etation of the "tails" of Lycxnidx as antenna- 

 like directive structures adapted to divert the attacks of an 

 enemy from a vital to a non-vital part of their prey. It is 

 diflicult to resist the conclusion that this interpretation is 

 correct when it has been independently reached by so many 

 naturalists : — Dr. Arnold and Dr. Forsstrom (quoted by Kirby 

 and Spence in 1817 as Dr. G. B. Longstaff has recently pointed 

 out*), Dr. R. C. L. Perkins, Dr. Richard Evans, Mr. Champion 

 B. Russell, Mr. E. A. Floyer, Dr. Longstaff, and lastly by the 

 excellent observer who is quoted on the present occasion. (See 

 Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1902, pp. 373,374; l!J06,pp. 106, 107.) 



Professor E. B. Poulton also exhibited the four individuals 

 of Eur alia mima, Trim., and the four of E. wahlberyl, Wallgr., 

 captured by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on the Umbilo River, near 

 Malvern, Natal, on June 28, 1897, as described in Trans. Ent. 

 Soc. Lond., 1902, pp. 491, 492. He showed their respective 



* Dr. Lougstaff's recent note (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1906, i>p. 106, 

 107) referring to my discussion of the tails ofLycasnids {I. c, 1902, \<. 374), 

 supplies a good example of the liability to error in quoting an unusual 

 name. In my account the name Forsstrom is rendered Forsstrona, in 

 Dr. Longstati's Forstrom. The generic name ffesjwria, which at first 

 puzzled Dr. Longstaff in the first edition of Kirby and Spence (1817) is 

 replaced by Theda in the fifth (1828, vol. ii, p. 251). Hesperia persists in 

 the third edition (1823, vol. ii, p. 254). I have not seen the fourth, [e.b.p.] 



