146 Dr. T. A. Chapman's Observations on 



Moths that were confined over growing Droscra with 

 a view to eggs never got caught by the plants, except 

 on one occasion when a moth escaped only by losing a leg 

 caught in the glue ; another moth fell on a leaf, where it 

 died, and, being left there, was largely enveloped by the 

 leaf after a few days. 



July 16th. The larvae fed up in confinement have been 

 paler than the captured ones of the first brood, and also 

 than those taken two days ago. These pale larvae are 

 green, with no red except on the dorsal tubercle as in the 

 ordinary newly changed pupa, and a pupa is without any 

 trace of red whatever. These green larvae show very well 

 the greenish-yellow subdorsal lines (just dorsal to the 

 tubercles I and II) and also the slightly oblique one 

 below them. 



The larvae when small were given to wandering, if the 

 plant was not strong and healthy enough to surround the 

 red glands with plenty of fluid gum, these glands and 

 the gum being their favourite (and only) food, unlike the 

 winter brood which eats the central portion of the plant. 

 Later the larvae would eat anything, being fond of the 

 flower-bud and flower-stems, and eating nearly the whole 

 of the leaf. When nearly full-fed, if the plant was a small 

 one and the leaves well demolished, the larvae would eat 

 portions of the petioles and finish by clearing off the 

 spring leaves and central bud of the plant. One or two 

 young larvae appear to jerk the frass away, but as a rule 

 the frass remains where excreted. The young larvae thus 

 leave minute red dots more or less in rows or groups, in 

 some degree replacing the devoured glands in the colour 

 scheme of the leaf. In its later stage a larva would 

 sometimes eat a large quantity without moving ; this 

 especially happens when it takes to the middle of the 

 plant and can reach much food without moving, a pile 

 of green-black frass about twice as bulky as the larva 

 accumulating in some instances. All being well with the 

 food plant, the larva has no tendency to move until the 

 time for pu^mtion arrives. 



Egg, 



The egg is laid (in confinement) on the petioles of the glands 

 near the margin of the leaves ; this was sufficiently frecjuent to 

 suggest it as tlie situation preferred. They were also laid on the 



