groiif of Butter Jlics, Potaro District, British Guiana. 431 



Tithorea harmonia, Protogonius hippona, and Dismorphia 

 amphione. Of these three species that fit into the group 

 but have not yet occurred on the Potaro it is highly- 

 probable that the Tithorea harmonia remains to be dis- 

 covered. It has been taken at Aunai, a locality higher up 

 the Essequibo. Two specimens at South Kensington bear 

 Aunai labels, and it is remarkable that both of these show 

 no trace of the darkening of the hind-wing but are of the 

 extreme banded form. One of the specimens exhibits the 

 characteristic red apical markings on the under-side while 

 the other is wholly without them. It seems clear from 

 the material available that Surinam and Cayenne produce 

 the darkest forms of T. harmonia, while British Guiana 

 gives the megara form which is banded. Cramer's figure 

 of harmonia shows the insect on the under-side and gives 

 the heavy black form with only the veins showing of the 

 ground colour. It is however significant that in five 

 specimens from Paramaribo at South Kensington only one 

 shows an unhanded form on the under-side. In this latter 

 form the Tithorea fits in much better with the group 

 generally, as it has already been shown how frequently 

 the black area is divided on the under-side even when 

 complete on the upper-side. 



Protogonius hippona fits in admirably with the group ; 

 many of the special characteristics being exceedingly well 

 brought out. The only specimens that I know of and 

 have seen of this species are one from Berbice and two 

 from Cayenne. It is therefore possible that the insect 

 belongs more strictly to the territory known as Dutch and 

 French Guiana, Berbice being conterminous with Surinam 

 although within the British area. The insect is chiefly 

 remarkable in having besides the heavy blackening of the 

 hind-wing a row of very conspicuous large white spots to 

 the margin of the hind-wing, at once recalling the Lycoreas, 

 ceres and pasimmtia. As with all the Protogonius species 

 this one is doubly protected in having a cryptic under- 

 side, while on the upper-side it gains protection by simili- 

 tude to a protected group. 



It cannot however here be insisted too strongly that 

 the Protogonius proves most conclusively that when it is 

 on the wing it must be the itppcr-side that is seen by its 

 enemies, or else how could such a pattern be evolved 

 independently of the very different pattern of the under- 

 side ? 



