BesemUance hekveen Huphina corva and Ixias haliensis. 523 



that has departed from the usual aspect of its nearest 

 relatives, becoming in this case the mimic, while the 

 Huphina stands as the model. The resemblance has 

 therefore been attained by a process of give-and-take on 

 'both sides ; nor would it be easy to find a better illustra- 

 tion of the principle of reciprocal change or diaposematism. 



It is fair to note that specimens of H. corva. from Java 

 and the representative form H. sumatrana from Sumatra 

 also possess the dark border to the hind-wing, and are not 

 known to be in mimetic association with any Ixias found 

 in those islands. It is perhaps unlikely, though not impos- 

 sible, that a corresponding Ixias may yet be observed to 

 inhabit these localities ; but in view of well-ascertained 

 facts as regards the shifting of areas of distribution among 

 butterflies it would not be extravagant to suppose that the 

 Huphina has somewhat extended, or the Ixias has con- 

 tracted its range since the resemblance was first set up. 

 In any case, we have the fact that the specimens shown in 

 Figs. 3-7 were all caught by the same person in the 

 same place and on the same day. H. corva occurs also in 

 Lombok, where its relation with Ixias reimvardtii, Voll. ^ 

 is no doubt the same as with /, haliensis in the neighbour- 

 ing island. 



It is to be observed that not all female specimens of 

 H. corva show the mimetic approach to Ixias in the same 

 degree. The hind-wings are sometimes rather conspicuously 

 veined, as often in the wet-season phase of H. phon/ne ; 

 moreover the dark Ixias-like border is less distinct in 

 some specimens than in others. So too, /. haliensis $ 

 may possess a pale orange suffusion in the central area of 

 the fore-wing. These features, which may possibly be 

 dependent on season, certainly tend when present to 

 impair or abolish the excellence of the mimetic picture. 



Mr. Finn, in the "Journal of the Asiatic Society of 

 Bengal," 1895, pp. 621, 624, 626, 635, etc., has produced 

 some direct evidence that Hupthina p)hryn6 is disliked by 

 insectivorous birds {Liothrix and Chloropsis). There is 

 not, so far as I am aware, any such evidence in the case 

 of Ixias. But if the foregoincj conclusions are well- 

 founded, it will follow that the association between the 

 two forms here discussed must be synaposematic and not 

 pseudosematic, MltUerian and not Batesian. 



