254 



THE CEPHALOPHORA. 



<^224. 



especially with the Nudibranchia, and Tectibranchia, there is a glandular 

 apparatus which may perhaps be of this nature. ''^^ 



^Vith the terrestrial and aquiitic Pulmonata, the laniellated kidney is quite 

 distinct. In the species having a shell, it is of riband-like, or triangular form, 

 and situated beside the heart and the large pulmonary vein. Its excretory 

 duct arises from the anterior extremity and passes, first, backwards to the 

 rectum, near the posterior corner of the gland, then turns and runs forwards 

 terminating, finally, in the respiratory cavity near the anus.''^' With the 

 Limacina, on the contrary, the kidney surrounds the pericardium like an 

 annular collar, and its excretory duct opens near the respiratory orifiee.'^^ 



II. Organs of peculiar Secretions. 



§ 224. 



Mention has already been made of the parts of the mantle which 

 secrete the calcareous substance,'" and further on, I shall speak of the dif- 

 ferent glandular appendages attached to the genital organs.'-' 



As to the other organs of particular secretions which are less common, I 

 will mention the following : 



1. With those Apneusta which have cutaneous appendages, there is, in 

 the dorsal and lateral lobes, a follicle whose excretory orifice opens at the 

 extremity of the lobe, and which secretes a granular mucous substance, 

 and peculiar corpuscles which resemble the nettling organs of certain 

 Zoophytes. *■''' 



<■ Witli Doris, there is found between the lobes 

 of tlie liver a gland, which sends off backwards a 

 long excretory duct which opens externally close by 

 the anus and has sometimes near its extremity, a 

 vesicular dilatation. This gland, formerly taken 

 f.ir a liver, is probably a urinary organ ; see Cu- 

 vier, loc. cit. p. 16, PI. I. II. ; Meckel, Beitr. zur 

 vergleich. Anat. I. Hft. 2, i>. 9, Taf. VI. fig. 3, 1. 

 and Del/e Chiaje, Descriz. II. p. 25, Tav. XLI. 

 lig. 12, n. y. C. flg. 21. 



The orifice found with Thetis, directly behind 

 the anus in the dorsal region, is also in communi- 

 cation with a gland which may be regarded as a 

 kidney ; see Cuvier, loc. cit. fig. 1, e. and Delle 

 Chiaje, Descriz. II. p. 35, Tav. XLVII. fig. 1, q., 

 XLIX. fig. 3. Delle Chiaje (Ibid. Tav. XLII. fig. 

 1, 3) has seen with TriUmia, a similar gland 

 ojjeniiig into the rectum ; and with Qasteropteron 

 (Il)id. p. 86, Tav. LIV. a.), another situated be- 

 tween the base of the branchiae and the heart. 



The large triangular glandular mass, which, with 

 Aplysia, is situated in the cutaneous fold envelop- 

 ing ihe shell, and lies in the space between the 

 heart, the base of the branchiae and the anus, se- 



* [ § 223, note 7.] See, in reference to this gland 

 with Doris, Alder and Hancock, loc. cit. Part V. 

 PI. II. fig. 1, g. g. 



For the renal organs of Chiton, see Midden- 

 doTJj; loc. cit. p. 72, Taf. VI. fig. 1, N. and Taf. 

 VII. fig. 5, N. They consist of a velvet-looking 

 substance which stretches on each side of tlie body, 

 over the tendinous mass of the ventral muscles, 

 and join together horae-shoe-like on the anterior 

 border of the posterior diaphragm. Their intimate 



cretes a large quantity of a red liquid ; this also is 

 probably a kidney ; see Cuvier, loc. cit. p. 11, PI. 

 II. fig. 1, C. I). E. fig. 3, B. C. D., and Delle Chi- 

 aje, Memor. II. p. 65, Tav. II. fig. 2, r. t. 5, 6. 

 With Vernietus, and Magilus, there is an analo- 

 gous gland behind the branchiae. However, this 

 renal apparatus of the branchiferous Gasteropoda 

 demands a more careful investigation in both an 

 histological and a chemical point of view.* 



8 See the figures of the kidney of Helix and 

 Lymnaeus in Cuvier, loc. cit., and in Treviranus 

 Beobacht. &c. Tab. VIII. tig. 58 ; see also PaascA, 

 in fViegmann^s Arch. IS-tS, 1. j). 78, and, De Gas- 

 teropodum nonnullorum hermaphroditicorum, sys- 

 tem, genit. et uropoetico, Diss, lierol. 1842. 



9 See Cuvier, loc. cit. PI. II. fig. 8-10, and Tre- 

 viranus, Beobacht. Tab. IX. fig. 59 {Arion), and 

 Paasch. loc. cit. p. 82.t 



1 See § 203. 



2 See below. Chapter IX. 



3 These glandular follicles which, from spontane- 

 ous contraction can empty their contents, commu- 

 nicate, according to Quatrefages (Auu.d. Sc. Nat. 

 .VIX. p. 287, 291, PI. XI. fig. 6, 6), with Eolidina, 



structure consists of arborescent digitations from a 

 central canal. — Ed. 



t [ § 223, note 9.] For the renal organ and Its 

 intimate structure with the terrestrial Gasteropoda, 

 sec Leidtj, loc. cit. p. 239. See also for the differ- 

 ent varieties of this organ with this order, De St. 

 Simon (Jour, de Conchol. 1851, No. IV. p. 342), 

 who speaks of it as La Glande praecordiale. — 

 Ed. 



