260 



THE CEPnALOrilORA. 



§227 



The Uterus is very often a long, large canal, with transversely plicated 

 glandular walls; it is distinctly separated from the ensuing vagina,^"** but 

 often, also, it is only a simple dilatation of the oviduct,*'" which is some- 

 times insensibly continuous with the vagina/'-' This last communicates 

 usually with the excretory duct of a pyriform vesicle, which, as a Recepta- 

 caluiiL semmis, is tilled with fresh sperm directly after the epoch of 

 procreation."''* This vesicle has, moreover, sometimes a lateral, CUecal 

 deveiticulum.*"' 



as a muciparous or an uterine gland. It is tongue- 

 shaped with nearly all the Pulmonata (see the 

 figures of Cuvier, TreviranuD, Erdl, Paascli, &c. 

 loc. cit.). It is a round, glandular body with 

 Thetis, Tritonia, Um'trella, and Gasleropteron 

 (H. Meckel, loc. cit. Xaf. XV. fig. 1, 12, 15, 17). 

 According to KolUker, there is with Rhodope, 

 aud Li.fsosoma, a similar gland annexed to the 

 uterus ; and without hesitation I should pronounce 

 as of the same nature, the glandular body which 

 Allmnn (loc. cit. PI. VI. )'.) has regarded as a tes- 

 ticle with Actaeon. With Doris, Aplysia, and 

 Diphyllidia, it is a twisted knotted tube {H. Meck- 

 el, loc. cit. Taf. XV. fig. 2, 7, 16).*« 



10 Such is the case with the Pulmonata (see the 

 figures of Cuvier, Treviranus, Erdl, Paasch, 

 &c.). Undoubtedly the glandular walls of this 

 uterus secrete the calcareous crystals which incrust 

 the eggs of many Helicina (see Turpin, Analyse 

 microscop. de I'oeuf du limacjon, in the Ann. d. So. 

 Nat. XXV. 1832, p. 426, PI. XV.), or which supply 

 the gelatinous substance enveloping in the form of 

 a cylinder or a disc the eggs of the Lymnaeacea 

 {Pfeiffer, Naturg. deutsch. Land-und Susswasser. 

 Mollusken. Abth. I. Taf. VII. VIII.). 



11 With the Ptcropoda, the common excretory 

 duct of the hermaphrodite gland, before passing 

 into the vagina, has one or two dilatations, the 

 inferior of which corresponds perliaps to an uterus 

 {yan Beneden, Exerc. zoot. loc. cit. PI. III. fig. 

 18, 6. IV. A. fig. 6, d. and B. fig. 4, d. Hyalea, 

 Cleodora, M\<i Cuvieria). With Clio, Cymhiilia, 

 and Limacina, it is not yet determined whether the 

 dilatation which is here found belongs to the defer- 

 ent canal or to the oviduct, and therefore the name 

 of uteru; cannot be given to it. 



1- The uterus is short and is directly continuous 

 with the vagina with the Nudihranchia, Infero- 

 branchia, Tectibranchia (ff. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. 

 XV.), and perhaps also with the Apneusta. I am 

 yet undeciiled if in this undeveloped uterus are 

 formed the envelopes which, in the form of a riband, 

 a cord, or a capsule, surround the eggs of the Nudi- 

 branchia, tlie Tectibranchia, and the Apneusta. 

 Thm with Aplysia, Doris, Tritonia, Aeolis, &c., 

 their spawn has the form of a riband or cord'; and 

 with Glaiicus, and Actaeon, it is wound in a 

 spiral manner about various objects ; while with 

 Tergipes, it is att-iched to marine plants under the 

 form of kidney -shap.;d capsules with short pedun- 

 cles. With Tritonia, Aeolis, and Aplysia, there 

 is observed the remarkable fact that there are 

 sever d vitelluses each surrounded by an albumin- 

 ous layer, in one and tlie same envelope ; see 

 Sars, in IVie^manri's Xxch. 1837, I. p. 402, 1840, 

 I. p. 136, Taf. V.-VII. ; Fan Beneden, Ann. d. 

 Sc. Nat. XV. 1841, p. 123, PI. I. ; and Lovin, in 

 Isis, 1842, p. 359. 



* [ § 227, note 9.] For the muciparous appa- 

 ratus with the Nudibranchiiita, see Alder and 

 Hancnck, loc. cit. Part II. PI. IV. fig. 15, (Doto) ; 

 Part III. PI. VIII. fig. 2, g. g. (_Eolis); Part IV. 

 PI. V. fig. 8, i. (Eumenis) ; Part V. PI. II. fig. 7, 

 h. h. 'Doris); also Hancock, Ann. Nat. Hist. VIII. 

 1851, p. 34, PI. III. fig. 6, g. {Antiopa). See also 



13 This Receptaculum seminis was formerly 

 designated under the name of pedunculated vesi- 

 cle ; although Treviranus regarded it as an 

 urinary bladder, and, with Arion, erroneously 

 assigned to it a communication with the kidney 

 (Zeitsch. f. Phys. I. p. 10). However, there can 

 now be no further doubt as to its nature, for if its 

 contents are examined shortly after coition, they will 

 easily be found to consist of fresh sperm containing 

 fully-develoiied, active, spermatic particles. Lt»ter 

 than this, when the eggs have been dejiosited for a 

 time, the sperm will be found to have lost its fresh- 

 ness, and to have changed into a viscous granular 

 substance of a reddish or brown color, containing 

 sometimes traces of dead, rigid spermatic particles. 

 The resemblance of this matter then to excrement 

 is, without doubt, the reason why this organ has 

 been compared to an urinary bladder, or con- 

 founded with the sac for purple (kidney) of other 

 Cephalophora. 



"VVilh the Pteropoda, this organ is a pyriform 

 vesicle with a short peduncle, — at least with Clio 

 {Eschricht, loc. cit. Tab. III. fig. 25, s. ), Cym- 

 bulia, and Limacina (Fan Beneden, Exer. zoot. 

 loc. cit. PI. I. fig. 17, d. V. fig. 12, A., where this 

 organ is figured as a sac for purple). The Ap- 

 nuesta, also, have a sac for fecundation ; at least I 

 can give no other name to a long-pedunculated, 

 pyriform vesicle which Nordmann (loc. cit. p. 49, 

 Tab. II. L., III. flg. 5, b. d.) has described as a 

 testicle with Tergipes ; and so much the more as 

 he always found perfect spermatic particles, and 

 not developing seminal cells. 



The pedunculated vesicle with its semi-liquid 

 contents, which Allman (loc. cit. p. 152, PI. VI. (?.) 

 has observed with Actaeon, is also a Receptaculum 

 seminis. 



According to Kolliker, this organ exists also 

 with FlaOellina, and Rhodope, as a pedunculated 

 vesicle communicating with the lower extremity of 

 the vagina. The excretory duct of this organ is 

 short with Thetis (Cuvier, loc. cit. fig. 7, c. ; 

 Del/e Chiaje, Descriz. loc. cit. Tav. XLVII. fig. 

 1, s.), Aplysia (Cuvier, loc. cit. PI. IV. y ; Delle 

 Chiaje, iSiemor. loc. cit. Tav. IV. fig. I, p.),»and 

 Pleiirobranchaea (H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XV. 

 fig. 5, n. flg. 1, q. 7. 0.). It is longer with Scyl- 

 laea. Bulla, Bullaea (Cuvier, loc. cit. fig. 5, 1. tig. 

 10, i.), Doridium, Tritonia, Umbrella, Diphyl- 

 lidia (H. Meckel, loc. cit. Taf. XV.), and Notar- 

 chus (Delle Chiaje, Descriz. loc. cit. Tav. LXIV. 

 flg. 5, n.). In the Pulmonata, this peduncle is 

 very long with Helix, and Clausilia ; less so, with 

 Lymnaeus, Planorbis, Bulimus, and Physa, 

 and pretty short with Limax, Arion, and Suc- 

 cinea (see the figures of Cuvier, fVohnlich, 

 Treviranus, Erdl, and Paasch, loc. cit.) t 



14 This deverticulum exists with many Helicina. 



De St. Simon (Observations sur I'organe de la 

 Glaire des Gasteropodes terrestres et fiuviatiles, in 

 the Jour, de Conchol. 1853, p. 1) ; this author is 

 very minute in his details on the color, form and 

 size of this organ, with these animals. — Ed. 



t [ § 227, note 13.] This receptacle is the organ 

 called genital bladder by Leidy, and which he 



