§228. 



THE CEPHALOPHOKA. 



263 



In the genus Chiton, the male and female genital gland is long and lob- 

 ulated ; it lies over the other viscera, and, from each side of its posterior 

 extremity, passes out a short excretory duct which opens upon the border 

 of the mantle/-' 



With Patella, and Haliotis, this gland is covei'cd by the liver, and its 

 single duct passes in front and opens near the anus, at the right with the 

 first of these genera, and at the left with the second.*"' 



2. In the second section, there is a protractile penis with various Hetero- 

 poda, all the Pectinibranchia,'^' and operculate Pulmonata. 



The Ovary, or the testicle, always lies concealed at the base of the visce- 

 ral sac between the liver, and its excretoi'y duct, as Tuba Fallopii or Vas 

 deferens, passes on to and accompanies the rectum during the remainder of 

 its course. 



The oviduct opens near and often a little behind the anus, and, Avith the 

 Heteropoda, has frequently several glandular appendages ; '•"^' while, with the 

 Gasteropoda, the portion accompanying the rectum is dilated into a kind 

 of uterine tube which has glandular walls.'"' From the walls of this tube 

 are secreted, without doubt, the often very regular envelopes with which 

 the eggs of many Pectinibranchia are surrounded. <'^' In this last-men- 

 tioned order, there has as yet very rarely been found an albumen-gland or a 

 receptacle of the sperm which communicates with the uterus. '**' 



found, in the posf«rior region of the body, and in 

 the greenish-brown Uver, a yellowish-brown gland- 

 ular body, containing active spermatic particles, 

 and very large caudate cells enclosing undeveloped 

 spermatic particles, from which passed off a long 

 excretory duct opening near the anus, without the 

 appearance of any penis. This apparatus is un- 

 doubtedly a male genital organ. 



The other individuals, in which I could iind no 

 spermatic particles, were the females. The details 

 by Ruppell (Mem. d. 1. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Jk Stras- 

 bourg, I. p. 3, fig. 4), and by Cams (Museum Senck- 

 enberg, II. p. 199, Taf. XII. fig. 8) upon the geni- 

 tal organs of Magilus antiquns., tender probable 

 the separation of its sexes also ; but it is doubtful 

 if the males have a penis, as Ruppell says, for it is 

 difficult to comprehend how copulation can take 

 place with this animal which Uves buried in the co- 

 ralla of the Madreporina, any more than with the 

 Vermetus which are fi.xed upon stones. But Ca- 

 ms declares that he has seen, instead of a penis, an 

 indistinct papilla on the neck of Magilus. The 

 ovary, which, according to Deshayes (loc. cit. p. 

 334, PI. XV. flg. 8, f., or Isis, 1832, p. 469, Taf. 

 VI. fig. 12, f.), fills almost entirely the cavity of the 

 body with Dentalium, will probably, after more 

 careful research, prove, with many individuals, to 

 be a testicle. 



2 See Cuvier, M6m. loc. cit. p. 24, PI. ni. fig. 

 10, 13, or Isis, 1819. p. 734, Taf. XI. fig. 10, 13. 



3 See Cuvier, Mem. loc. cit. p. 12-18, PI. II. fig. 

 11, e. 14, 15, or Isis, 1819, p. 728, 731, Taf. XI. fig. 

 11, e. 14, 15. 



4 The genus Littorina is the only one which con- 

 tains hermaphrodite species ; here the voluminous 

 penis, having a longitudinal furrow, projects under 

 the right tentacle (J^uoy and Gaimard, Voy. de 

 I'Astrolabe, Zool., or Isis, 1834, p. 299). 



5 The genital organs of the Heteropoda are yet 

 little known, and what has been said in the text 

 relates only to Carinaria. Among the two to four 

 deep-colored appendages of the vagina of Carina- 

 ria mediterranea, may be especially distinguished 

 a spii-al tube containing internally transverse gland- 

 ular folds (see Delle Cliiaje, Memor. II. p. 208, 

 Tav. XV. fig. 5, 6, and Descriz. II. p. 97.). These 

 appendages, the existence of which I have verified 



with individuals preserved m alcohol, must be more 

 carefully studied before it can be decided if they 

 are the analogue of an uterus, seminal sac, &c. 



<i See Cuvier, M«^m. loc. cit. flg. 2, 3, h. ; Tre- 

 viranus, Zeitsch. f. Physiol. I. p. 32, Taf. IV. fig. 

 21 ; Paasch, in Wiegmann's Arch. 1843, I. p. 100, 

 Taf. A', fig. 8 {Paliidinavii'ipara) and Leiblein, in 

 Heusinger^s Zeitsch. I. p. 32, Taf. I. fig. 6 {Mu- 

 rex). (^uoy and Gaimard have furnished many 

 facts on this point (loc. cit., or Isis, 1834, 1836). 

 With Strnmbus lambis, they have described a fur- 

 row which arises from the female genital orifice, 

 and passes along the right side of the foot. 



^ These envelopes or capsules filled with eggs are 

 cyUndrical, pyi'iform, infundibuliform, and some- 

 times pedunculated. They are attached singly or 

 in groups to objects, and sometimes are aggregated 

 in considerably-sized masses around a common 

 axis. Often they open by a special fissure, which, 

 in some species, has a particular operculum ; see 

 Lund, in Ann. d. Sc. Nat. I. 1834, p. 84, PI. VI., 

 or Froriep's Not. No. 881, 882, and D'Orbigny, 

 in Ann. d. Sc. Nat: XVII. 1842, p. 117. Such 

 a mass, arranged around an axis, in which the 

 eggs of Janthina are deposited, and which is 

 carried al)out with them a long time attached to 

 their foot, was long regarded as an enigmatical 

 body under the name of Spuma cartilasinea, and, 

 by some naturaUsts, has been even considered as a 

 modified operculum of the shell ; see Lund, loc. cit. 

 fig. 23 ; Lesson, in the Voy. de la Coquille. Zool. 

 II., or Isis, 1833, p. 134, Taf. I. fig. 1 ; and Delle 

 Chiaje, Descriz. II. p. 108, Tav. LXVII. fig. 1, 2. 



8 With Paludina vivdpara, there is an albumen- 

 gland beneath the last convolution of the intestine 

 (See Treviranus, loc. cit. p. 31, Taf. IV. fig. 21, u., 

 and my oljservations in Mulle>''s Arch. 1836, p. 

 243). In this same species, the bottom of the uterus 

 communicates by a large orifice with a sessile Re- 

 ceptaculnm seminis in which I have always 

 found, after copulation, numerous active spermatic 

 pai-ticles (Miiller's Arch. 133G, ;>. 244). This sac 

 for fecund.-ition appears to be absent with all the 

 other Pectinibrancliia, and llrrkeley (Zool. Jour. 

 II. 1S29, p. 278, or Isis, 1830, p. 1204) could not 

 find it with the females of Cyclostoma. 



