^§ 254, 255. THE CEPHALOPODA. 291 



§ 254. 



The existence of an Aquiferous system with the Cephalopoda cannot be 

 doubted.*" It occupies the entire trunk of these animals, and terminates by 

 two orifices between which lies the excretory duct of the ink-sac, and whic4i 

 are often situated upon a small tubular eminence of the peritoneum. Each 

 of these orifices leads into a spacious, thin-walled cavity (lateral cell),'-'' 

 situated near the pericardium. It contains the two venae cavae with their 

 appendages, and communicates, by orifices and canals, with other aquiferous 

 cells surrounding the various viscera, — such as the stomach and the caecum, 

 as well as with the two so-called branchial hearts. These cells send a 

 canal to the special genital glands.''^' 



With Nautilus, there are, on each side, in the abdominal peritoneum, 

 three orifices, through which the water of the cavity of the mantle enters 

 into the lateral cavities.'*' There is another system of aquiferous canals 

 under the skin of the head and neck. It consists of several large reservoirs 

 which extend somewhat deeply between the organs of this portion of the 

 body. These reservoirs communicate externally by orifices situated upon 

 different points of the head.'^ 



CHAPTER IX. 



ORGANS OF SECRETION. 



/. Urinary Organs. 



§ 255. 



The Urinary organs of the Cephalopoda, which have hitherto been much 

 doubted, are particular appendages of the Venae cavae. With all the 

 species having two branchiae, the two Venae cavae, formed by the division 

 of the great median sinus, and which extend obliquely through the two lat- 



1 For this aquiferous system, see D'Orbigny, 5 With Tremoctopus violaceus, there are four 



in Ferussac, loc. cit. Introduct. p. 20, Ouvertures, very distinct Foramina aquifera. Two of these 



aquift-res, and Dette Chiaje, Dcscriz. I. p. 53, are situate<l at the superior part of the head behind 



Apparato-acquoso o idro-pneumatico. Botli of the base of tlie superior arm3, and the other two ou 



these naturalists have included in this system the the sides of the funnel (Del/e Chiaje, loc. cit. Tav. 



laclirymal openings and tlie space circumscribed by LXXI. (11) (is 10, p., Fe'riissdc, loc. cit. p. 92. 



the ocular capsules. Octopus, PI. XVIII. XI.X. fig. 1). With Octopus 



3 See Swammerdamm, loc. cit. p. 354, Taf. LI. tiiberciUatus, there are on\y these last two open- 



fi},'. 1, q. q, and Taf. LU. f\<^. 10, g. g ; Brandt, ings (Detle Chiaje, loc. cit. Tav. LV. (3), l\ff. 1, <i. 



Medix. zool. II. p. 308, Taf. XX.XII. fig. 1, 24, i. i d. ; Wagner, in flensin^er's Zeitsch. f. d. or^'an. 



(Sepia) ; Ciivier, .MOm. p. 15, PI. I. fig. 1 r. r, and Pliysilv. III. p. 227, Taf. XII. fig. 1, and Firussac. 



Mayer, Analekt. &c. p. 51, Taf. V. fig. 1. t. u. loc. cit. p. 83, Octopus, PI. VI.^ fig. 2). 



(Octopus) ; Savigny, loc. cit. PI. I. fig. 12, 3i : g. g It is the same also with Ommastrephes todarua 



(Octopus and Sepia), and FSrussac, loc. cit. (Oc- (Ferussac loc. cit. Ommastrephes, PI. II. fig. 3, 



lopus), PI. XU. fig. 1. PI. XIII. fig. 2, PI. XIV. 10). With Octopus indicus, there are eight smaU 



fig. 1, f. f r. r. See also Krohn. in MiUler^s Arch, aquiferous orifices between the arms near the mouth 



1839, p. 353. (Ferussac, loc. cit. p. 25, Octopus, PI. X.XVI. fig. 



■i Delle Chiaje. Descriz. Tav. XV. fig. 1. q. 1). According to D'Orbigny, there are only si.x, 



(Tremoctopus). in the same situation with Sepia, Loliso, Onyc/io- 



* Oti'en, On the Nautilus, p. 32, or Isis, p. 27, or teuthis, &c. 

 Ann. d. Sc. Nat. p. 127, and (Valenciennes, loc. 

 eit. p. 235, PI X. tig. 1, 2. 



