^ 291. THE CRUSTACEA. 351 



With very many Crustacea, the sperm, at its emission, is contained in 

 capsules [Spermatophores). 



I. Hermaphrodite Crustacea. 



§ 291. 



With the Cirripedia, the male and female genital organs are quite re- 

 moved from each other. With the Lepadea, the ovaries are lodged in the 

 upper extremity of the peduncle and in the midst of the spongy substance, 

 filling its cavity.'^* They consist of ramified caeca, while with the Balano- 

 odea, tlie ovarian follicles are situated between the l.amellae of the mantle.*-* 

 With the Lepadea, the canal which extends from the lower extremity of 

 the shell into the peduncle and communicates by a narrow opening with the 

 cavity of the mantle, may properly be regarded as an oviduct.'"' But new 

 researches are required to show by what means the eggs of the Balanodea 

 reach this same cavity, for, as is the case with the Lepadea, they remain 

 there until the embryos are fully formed. These eggs, of a blue or yellow 

 color, are always intimately glued together, and form, after the laying, a 

 large sheet or layer which, with the Balanodea, is applied to the internal 

 surface of the mantle, and often retained there by the branchial lamellae ;'■** 

 while with the Lepadea, it covers, bonnet-like, the rounded portion of the 

 body. 



The Testicles are composed of numerous ramified follicles spread out be- 

 tween the skin and the two sides of the digestive canal. They join from 

 the right and left into two very long and tubular Vasa deferentia which 

 accompany, serpentinely, the alimentary canal to the anus, and then blend 

 together, forming a more narrow Ductus ejaculatorius. As this last trav- 

 erses the whole tail and opens at its extremity, it has been usually regard- 



1 Burmeister (Beitr. p. 46), and Wagner {Mill- cause they are scattered in the walls of the mantle, 

 ier's Arch. 1834, p. 469, Taf. VIII. fig. 10), were and consequently scarcely visible, especially when 

 the first to notice the ovarian follicles of the foot of empty. It is undoubtedly on this account that 

 the Lepadea, the first with Otion, the second with Poll (Testae, utriiisq. Sicil. &c. I. p. 19, 28, Tab. 

 Lepas. Martin St. Ange (loc. cit. p. 20, PI. I. IV. fig. 13, x. x. Tab. V. fig. 13, 15) has taken for 

 fig. 10, 11) has verified this fact with this last ge- ovaries, with a Balanus, the testicular follicles, al- 

 nu3. I have found them also in the foot of Cine- though he distinctly saw and has figured the ovari- 

 ras, and I will remark that in the remaining spongy an follicles in another species of this same genus, 

 substance of this foot, there are other round nucle- 3 This canal, regarded as an oviduct by Wagner 

 ated bodies which appear to be solid concretions, (loc. cit.), had already been mentioned by Cuvier 

 and should n it be confounded with the germs. (M^m. loc. cit. p. 4, fig. 4). 



2 The ovaries of the Balanodea are more difficult 4 With Bain ins, the layers of eggsfonn usually 

 of study than those of the Lepadea, probably be- two large discs yPoli, loc. cit. Tab. IV. fig. 18, c. c). 



figures). The nuclear appearance is due, some- The whole subject of the spermatic particles of 



times to adepressionin the body (as with .Js^niT!;.?), the Crustacea is sadly deficient in well-autheiiti- 



sometimes to a plastic membrane lying about one of cated observations, and particles and cell-like forms 



the spinous processes (as with Pilumnus), all are constantly described as spermatic particles, 



made prominent by the refraction of the light ; see which, according to all the laws of Si)frn!atology 



my researches in the Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. as yet known, cannot be such. It should be re- 



Hist. IV. p. 258. membered that the spermatic particle is never a 



In regard to the spermatic particles of the Ento- cell, but is the metamorphosed nucleus of a cell ; it 



mostraca, I have examined those of Cypris, Cy- is, therefore, always a more or less solid corpuscle 



elops, and Daphnia. They are developed, as usual, (whatever be its form, &c.), and to which, moreover, 



in special cells — are exceedingly minute, and in there may be attached one or more appendages 



form closely resemble those of the Araneae ; consist- Ed. 



ing of an arcuate rod to which is attached a short 

 but very delicate tail. My results, therefore, do 

 not agree with those above-mentioned. 



