424 THE INSECTA. § 338. 



crop-like dilatation,''^ which, with the Cicindelidae, Carabidae, Dytiscidae, 

 and Gyrinidae, is followed by an ovoid gizzard. This last is longitudinally 

 plicated internally, and these folds are usually armed on their borders with 

 cilia or horny hooks. The intestinoid stomach is of median length with 

 the carnivorous Coleoptera, but very long and more or less flexuous with 

 those which are herbivorous."'' Nearly always, its whole external surface 

 is numerously constricted, and covered with small caeca.'®* The ileum and 

 colon are, usually, rather short. '^"' 



Among the Orthoptera, the families Forficulidae, Termitidae, Blatti- 

 dfie, Achetidae, Locustidae, Acrididae, and Mantidae, are distinguished for 

 their large crop,'"* which, with Gryllotalpa is completely constricted from 

 theoesophams. The gizzard is of variable length, and covered, internally, 

 with rows of horny denticulated plates.'^-' The stomach is tubular, of equal 

 calibre, median length, and rarely makes a half or an entire turn.'^^* 

 In most of the families just mentioned, its upper extremity has two, six, or 

 eight caeca,'"' and its posterior part is continuous into an often somewhat 

 flexuous ileum upon which succeeds a short colon. With the Perlidae, the 

 gizzard is wanting, but the upper extremity of the stomach has from four to 

 eight caeca, pointing forwards.""' With the Phasmidae, and the Libelluli- 

 dae, the oesophagus is long and large, and protrudes somewhat into the 

 straight, oblong, constricted stomach, which is without caeca and is succeeded 

 by a very short ileum and colon."''' The digestive tube of the Ephem- 

 eridae, which, in their perfect state, take no food, is feebly developed. 

 Its walls are very thin throughout, and the oesophagus is directly continu- 

 ous with the stomach which is a bladder-like dilation and succeeded by a 

 short, straight intestine. '^'^' 



Ramdohr, Magaz. d. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, (Forficula), and his Recherch. sur les Orthopt. 



1807, p. 207, Taf. IV. (Carabus) ; Brandt, Mediz. &c. loc. cit. PI. I.-V. XIII. 



Zool. II. Taf. XVII. XIX. (Meloe and Lytta) ; 1- See tlie figures cited in the preceding note. 



Straus, Consider. &c. PI. V. (Melolontha).'' According to L. Dufour (Recherch. &c. p. 608, 



7 With Oedemera, this crop is constricted from PI. XIII. fig. 196), this gizzard with its dental ap- 

 the stomach ; see L. Dufour, loc. cit. III. PI. paratus is wanting with Termes ; but, according 

 XXX. fig. 7, 8. to Burmeister (Handb. I. p. 137, Taf. XI. fig. 



8 The stomach is of the greatest length with the 8-10), it is present being concealed at the base of 

 Melolouthidae and Hydrophilidae ; see Straus, loc. the oesophagus. 



cit. PI. v., and Suckow',\oc. cit. II. Taf. III. IV. l'^ Gryl/ota/pa a,nd Ephippigera. 



y This constricted stomach ig especially observed 14 These caeca are wanting with Forjicula and 



with the herbivorous Coleoptera, as, with Meloe, Termes. There are only two with Acheta, Gryl- 



Lytta, and Cantharis ; but is wholly wanting with Intalpa, Locusta, and Ephippigera ; si.x to eight 



Lyciis, Tetephorus, Malachius, and Cistela. with the Mantidae, Blattidae, and Acrididae. la 



With the Elateridae, the stomacli is smooth, but, at these last, each of these caeca sends off two dever- 



its upper extremity there are two caecal folds, ticula, one forwards, and the other backwards, 



which, with the Buprestidae, are very long ; see 15 See Suckow, in Heusinger''s Zeitsch. II. p. 



L. Dufour, loc. cit. III. PI. XI. fig. 1, 3, 4 ; 267, Taf. XVI. fig. 7 ; L. Dufour, Recherch. &c. 



M^eci-e/, Beitr. &c. I. lift. 2, p. 129, Taf. VIII. fig. PI. XIII. fig. 198 ; and Pictet, Hist. Nat. des 



5 ; and Gaede, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XI. p. 330, Nevropteres. Famille des Perlides. These caeca 



Tab. XLIV. fig. 1. are wanting with Nemura. 



10 With the Dytiscidae, a pretty long and small IG See Ramdohr, Abhandl. &c. Taf. XV. {Libcl- 



caocum extends forwards from the rectum; see lula and Agrion) ; Suckow, \(X. c\i. 11. Taf. II. 



Ramdohr, Abhandl. &c. Taf. II. ; L. Dufour, fig. 14 (^Ae.schna) ; L. Dufour, Recherch. &c. p. 



Inc. cit. III. PI. X. fig. 3, and Burmeister, Hand- 568, PI. XI. (Aesnkna and Libellula) ; and I\lul- 



Imch, &c., I. Taf. X. fig. 4. ler, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII. p. 571, Tab. L. 



n See Ramdohr, Abhandl. &c. Taf. I. ; Marcel {Bacteria). These stomachic appendages are 



de Serres, loc. cit. PI. I.-III. ; Gaede, Beitr. &c. wanting with Psocus also ; see Nitzsch, in Ger- 



Taf. I. II. {Blatta and Acheta); Suckow, loc. cit. 7nar',s Mag. IV. p. 277, Taf. II. fig. 1. 



III. Taf. VII. fig. 134-136 {Gryllotalpa) ; Bur- 1" See L. Dufour, Recherch. &c. PI. XI. fig. 



tn,eister, Handb. &c. I. Taf. XI. fig. 1-6 ; and L. 167, and Pictet, Hist. Nat. des Insect. N6vropt. 



Dufour, loc. cit. XIII. 1828, p. 350, PI. XX. FamiUe des Eph^mermes. 



* [ § 338, note 6.] See, also, Leidy, loc. cit., tails of the intimate anatomy of the alimentary 

 Flora and Fauna within Animals, &c., for full de- canal of Passalus cornutus. — Ed. 



