450 THE INSECTA. § 349. 



ovarian tubes are, moreover, always enveloped by numerous trachean net- 

 works.® Upon their length, which is very variable, depends the number 

 of the eggs or germs which are disposed in a single file ; and in this way, 

 they may be distinguished as uni-, bi- and multi-lccular. The two Oviducts 

 are usually short and often dilated into a kind of calyx at their upper 

 extremity, if there ai'e numerous ovarian tubes meeting at this point. 



The Seminal receptacle [Receptaculum seminis) is a double or single, 

 solid capsule [Capsula seminalis) of variable form and surrounded by a 

 muscular layer. It opens into the vagina below the point of junction of 

 the two oviducts, by means of a canal of variable length [Ductus sevii- 

 7ialis). This duct has sometimes a simple, or a bifurcated appendage 

 (Glandvla apjiendkularis)^^^ The seminal receptacle never contains 

 spermatic particles with those females which have not rejected their pupa 

 covering, or especially with those still in a virgin state ; but after copula- 

 tion it always contains a multitude of these particles moving very actively, 

 and these movements are kept up for a long period, as may be observed 

 with those females which live over the winter.*'" 



The Copulatory pouch [Bursa copidatrix) consists nearly always, of a 

 spacious, pyriform reservoir, which, with only a few exceptions, opens into 

 the vagina below the seminal receptacle. During copulation, it receives 

 the penis, and often, also, the sperm which enters either by portions con- 

 tained in the spermatophores, or enveloped by a shapeless gelatinous 

 substance. <•" 



The secretory organs situated at the lower end of the vagina, consist, 

 usually, of two rather long, glandular tubes on each side of the vagina, 

 into which they open, either directly, or through two small special excre- 

 tory ducts. They often have, on their course, two vesiculiform reservoirs. 

 In most cases, these glandular organs ajipear to form a Sebaceous or 



and scattered through the cavity of the body be- mar^s Zeitsch. II. 1840, p. 442). Stein, also (loe. 



tween the fat-cells. The females are apodal, and cit. p. 112), has shown that the spermatic particles 



the ventral surface of their bofly, which resembles remain alive a long time in the seminal receptacles 



that of the larvae, is occupied by a shallow canal of the Coleojjtera. The liquid secreted by the 



(Incubatory canal) which terminates caecally in accessory gland serves, probably, to keep the 



the penultimate segment of the body, and opens spermatic particles fresh, and to prevent them from 



upon the cejjhalothorax by a semilunar orifice desiccation. The fecundation takes place undoubt- 



(Genital opening). From this canal pass off into ediy when the eggs pass in front of tlie orifice of 



the visceral cavity three to five forward-bent tubes, the seminal receptacle, which is then probably com- 



The eggs are developed in the visceral cavity, and pressed by an investing muscular apparatus. This 



by these tubes the young larvae make their exit long preservation of sperm in the seminal receptacle 



therefrom ; see my Beitr. zur Natnrgesuh. d. wir- explains how the females of certain species can lay 



bell. Thiere. p. 75,Taf. III. tig. 62,67 ; and Wie^- eggs so long after copulation, and at a time when 



m.ann''s Arch. 1848, I. p. 147. Formerly, I erred the males have all disappeared. The time of the 



in taking the ventral for the dorsal surface with full maturity of the eggs in the ovary, moreover, 



these insects. does not always coincide with that of the heat and 



2 J. MuUer has taken these filaments for vessels copulation with the male. The observations wliich 

 communicating between the ovaries and the dorsal have been made on this last point have been col- 

 vessel ; see Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII. p. 580. lected by Muller (Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII. p. 624). 



3 For a long time this Rfoeplacnlum seminis 5 This copulatory pouch, which, from its largo 

 remained wholly unoljserved, or was taken for a size, was first perceived by entomologists, is even 

 Bursa copulatrix, or an organ secreting a viscous now often taken for a fecundating sac, or a seminal 

 substance for gluing the eggs together and to for- reservoir (Spermatheca). The spermatic particles 

 eign objects. The older descriptions and figures are carried, undoubtedly by tlieir own move- 

 give, therefore, only an imperfect idea It is only merits, from this copulatory pouch into the fle- 

 lately that the constant presence and true nature ceptaculum seminis ; and very probably they 

 of tliis organ have been recognized (see my memoir begin to travel shortly after copulation, for, a long 

 in Mul/er's Arch. 1837, p. 392, and Stein, Vergl. sojourn in the Bursa copulatrix does not ap- 

 Anat. &c. 1847, p. 96). Yet, at this day, the cop- pear advantageous, since those that remain over 

 ulatnry pouch and seminal receptacle are frequently become stiff and dead-like in the midst of the semi- 

 conft)unded together ; and L. Diifour, in particu- nal fluid, which is graimlous and viscid. J. Uun- 

 lar, persists in his old error in designating this st-m- ter (Pliitos. Trans. 1774), in his experiments on 

 Inal rec-:-ptacle as a Glinde sehijii/iie. artificial fecundation, was successful only when he 



4 See ray observations made upon Fespa (fVieg- took the sperm from the copulatory pouch of the 

 tnann's Arch. 1839, I. p. 107) and Culex (fier- females which had just come from copiilation. 



