404 Dr. T. A. Chapman on 



in the actual attitude that is normal in every respect 

 except that the wings are raised to show the position 

 of the body and legs. The condensation of the fur by the 

 chloroform has made the position of the third pair of legs 

 quite visible. It is not the case, as I suspected from an 

 imperfect observation last year, that the third pair of legs 

 enters the sac, at least not tarsi first, but they enter it 

 trochanters first, and so far, that the edge of the mouth of 

 the sac is in the angle behind the knee, if we may so call 

 the femoro-tibial articulation. The tibiae and tarsi are 

 closely appressed to the outside of the sac, parallel with 

 its long axis, and are so small and buried amongst the 

 materials clothing the sac, that though quite visible are 

 not at all evident till carefully looked for. 



They could not be appressed to the case as they are 

 if the tibiae possessed spines as in the lower Psychids. 

 I had afterwards some further opportunities of observing 

 pairing in A. ojxtcclla. The means by which the male 

 manages to insert the abdomen into the case of the 

 female, and reach the further end of the interior of the 

 pupa case have, I think, never been explained. In the 

 female ovipositor, the extensile segments, whether used 

 for piercing plant tissues as in the Eriocraniids and 

 Adelids, or to reach a distant point for oviposition, as 

 illustrated especially in the Tahoporiads and Fumeids, 

 are manipulated by a special arrangement of rods with 

 intrinsic muscles. In some Tateporiads these rods are 

 equal in length to the whole abdomen, and indeed when 

 at rest these anterior extremities reach not only the 

 thorax but the head of the insect. In these $ Psyches — 

 my observations refer at present of course to opacclla — 

 there is no arrangement of this sort, no structure in fact 

 that does not exist in the abdomen of almost any other 

 Lepidopteron. 



I saw several specimens pairing, and noted that the 

 basal segments of the abdomen whilst still outside the 

 case, were inflated with air, so that the limp interseg- 

 mental membrane being stretched gave quite a solid basis 

 and connection of parts. A specimen suddenly killed, and 

 examined at once by opening the female sac, was seen to 

 have the segments intervening between the mouth of the 

 sac and the pupal case inflated in this way. Those inside 

 the pupa case and extending to its base, quite visible 

 through the nearly transparent pupa shell, were not 



