424 Mr. Ambrose Quail on 



of damage to larvge. In the case of subterranean borers, 

 though more easily examined, constant disturbance is the 

 cause of great mortality among them. It is impossible to 

 arrive at a knowledge of the number of moults during the 

 larval existence. 



It is perhaps unnecessary to note that the three thoracic 

 segments have legs ; abdominal segments 3, 4, 5, 6 have 

 abdominal feet (prolegs), the anal segment 10 has claspers, 

 the spiracles are situate on the pro thorax, and 1st to 8th 

 abdominal segments. 



In newly-hatched larva3 there is a growth of minute 

 hairs over the skin (Porina cervinata, fig. 1), and the 

 absence of same (P. umlraculata). After the first ecdysis 

 Porinn and Charagia acquire an extra tubercle above the 

 abdominal feet, and four seta3 (instead of three) at base 

 of same, and an extra subdorsal tubercle on the ninth 

 abdominal segment. Porinie have enlarged black areas 

 around two separate setiB of the prothoracic scutellum 

 (fig. 8), but Cliaragia (viresccns) has three setae of the 

 second series contained in one enlarged black area. In Porina 

 the abdominal feet have several rows of terminal hooks 

 forming a complete margin, the terminal hooks of claspers 

 being similar but incomplete at middle of posterior margin. 

 Cliaragia has two rows of terminal liooks forming com- 

 plete margin in adult larva, the claspers having two rows 

 only on the inner margin, and the posterior margin being 

 devoid of terminal hooks. 



Having no available description of Hepialus larvae, my 

 friend Mr. Arthur Bacot made a description of an adult 

 larva (probably //. hqndinics) and a sketch of the position 

 of the tubercles ; compared with Cliaragia {viresccns) I 

 find a distinct difference. Hepialus has the subspiracular 

 tubercles of first abdominal segment coalesced — as in 

 Porina; Hcincdus has three setas at base of abdominal 

 feet — as in newly-hatched Porina; Hepialus has a subdorsal 

 tubercle with two setae on 9th abdominal segment (the 

 supraspiracular in all Hcpialid/^ has two setas on other 

 abdominal segments), but on the 9th Porina and Cliaragia 

 have two separate tubercles each with one hair. 



The difference in structure between Cliaragia (viresccns) 

 and Hepialus {hqiulinusl) may be specific only, but in 

 conjunction with colour ditierence in ova, and the different 

 habits of the larva?, is interesting, and suggests generic 

 distinction. 



