426 Mr. Ambrose Quail on 



scored and pitted over the dorsal and subdorsal area of 

 segments. 



In HeinaUdie 3 to 7 are free segments, and probably 8 

 in the female joupa. 



Notes on Wing Ncurcdion of Imagines. (PL V, figs. 2, 3.) 



Hepialid neuration may be written thus: 



subcostal radial media cubital anal 



1 5 3 2 1 = Fore-wing. 



1 5 3 2 3 = Hind-wing. 



There are some transverse connections at the base of 

 certain nervures, but only one feature in the neuration 

 appears to have any phylogenetic value, it is the relative 

 l^osition of the radial nervules. 



The Trictena pattern has radial 2, 3, forked from a 

 common stem which rises from the nervure below 4, i. e. 

 nearer base of the wing, the transveise cell connection 

 is above the point of separation of 4, 5 radial nervules. 

 Rqnalus (Europe), Charagia (Australia), PhassiLS (Asia), 

 Gurgopis (Africa) are of this pattern, which is further 

 modified in Hcctomancs (Australia) and PalpipJwrus (Asia) 

 by the point of separation of 4, 5 radial nervules being 

 above the " cell " vein, i. c. nearer the outer margin of wing. 



The Poriua pattern has radial nervules 2, 3, 4 forked 

 from a common stem which rises from the nervure below 

 the "cell" vein. Hcpialiscus (India) is of this pattern. 

 Other modifications are found in each pattern, thus the 

 subcostal and radial nervule 1 are with difficulty dis- 

 tinguished as separate nervures, especially on the hind- 

 wings, where they have the appearance of complete 

 coalescence, but may be distinctly separated after careful 

 examination with a compound microscope ; Charagia and 

 Forina are each modified in this respect. Hepiahis humuli, 

 Sthcnopis argcntco-maculaUis and Cihyra sylvinus have 

 three anal nervures in hind- wings. Hepialus hipidinus 

 has one (? two) anal nervure. Charagia virescens two. 

 Gorgopis hhania two. G. hacotii two, one of which appears 

 to be fading out. Ilcpialiscns has three anal nervules. 

 Forina has two. I regard the decadeuce of the anal 

 nervules of hind-wings in HepialidiB as of doubtful 

 phylogenetic value. It is probable that the Hepialiscus- 

 Porina pattern of wing neuration is modified from the 

 Hepialus-Trictena pattern, but not possible that the latter 



