Life Histories in the Hepicdid Group of Lcpidoptcra. 427 



has modified from the former, it is as nearly certain as 

 anything of the sort can be that the Hepiahis-Trictena 

 wing neiiration is a generahsed pattern, from which the 

 wing pattern of Hcctomancs, Pcdpipliorus, and of Hcpia- 

 liscus, and Farina, have been derived. 



Hotes on Scale Structure of Imagines. 



The thorax, appendages, base of wings, and abdomen 

 are covered witli hair in the ircpialid/B ; towards and at 

 the margin of the wings are definite wing scales. I have 

 observed no appreciable difference between the wmg scales 

 of ^ and $ of any species. The direction of scales is 

 naturally from base of wing to margin, tip of one scale 

 covering base of next. Wing scales of any given shape 

 may vary somewhat in length or width in different 

 individuals of the same species, irrespective of colour. 

 Side by side on the wing of same specimen, scales may be 

 observed, exactly the same in size and shape, some dark 

 some paler; preponderance of dark scales produces dark 

 specimens and vice versa. 



Specific. distinction appears in the pattern of the upper 

 surface scales of fore-wings, the scales of the under surface 

 frequently agree with those of the upper, but when 

 differing always have a less specialised shape. 



(PI. VI, figs. A 1 — 7.) Porina fitscomacidata has rather 

 long hairlike scales on the surface of fore and hind wings 

 (Fig. A 6). P. umhraculata has short pointed surface scales 

 (Fig. A 1). P. signcda which resembles the former in 

 markings has two patterns — short broad base (Fig. A 2), 

 uniform short wide scale (Fig. A 3). I could not trace 

 either of these on any specimen of P. umhraculata. P. 

 cervincda is a variable N. Z. species, and four patterns of 

 surface scales have been observed — as P. wnlvacidata and 

 P. signata, and sometimes a short wide scale (Fig. A 4). 

 The surface scales of the hind-wings of P. umhracuhda, 

 P. signata, and P. cervinata are more hairlike and longer 

 than the surface scales of the fore-wings, resembling those 

 of P. ftiscor)iaculcda (Fig. A 6). Fringe scales can be 

 traced from base to outer margin gradually less and less 

 hairlike, they become definite fringe scales at the outer 

 margin, and comprise in Porina two patterns in each of 

 the species mentioned — a wide tip long scale (Fig. A 7) 

 forms an outer fringe, a shorter scale of more unifoi'm 

 width (Fig. A 5) forms an inner fringe, both however rise 



