574 Mr. J. H. Leech on 



Recorded from China but probably from some southern 

 locality. The species was not obtained by my collectors. 



Distribution. China ; tliroughout India, Ceylon, and 

 Burma ; Java ; Fiji (Jfaiupsou). 



Genus Spirama. 

 Guen.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, ii, p, 552. 



1322. Spirama rctorta. 



Phal/ena rctorta, Clerck., Icon., pi. Ixiv, figs. 2, 3 (1759) ; 



Cram., Pap. Exot., ii, pi. cxvi, fig. D (1777), and iii, 



pi. cclxxiv, fig. A (1780). 

 Noctua spiralis, Fabr., Sp. Ins., ii, p. 211 (1781). 

 Erebus retorta, Koll., Hiig. Kasch., iv, p. 475 (1848). 

 Erebus chemista, Koll., 1. c. 



Sinrama sitffumosa, Guen., Noct., iii, p. 195 (1852). 

 Spirama japo7iica, Guen., 1. c. 

 Sptirama simiMcior, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 



p. 198. 

 Spirama in/vqualis, Butl., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 



xi, p. 116 (1883). 

 Sp)irama jincliucna, Butl., I.e., p. 115. 

 Sinrania retorta, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, 



p. 545; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, ii, p. 553 



(1894). 



Common in Japan, Corea, and China; there appears to 

 be a succession of broods. 



All the forms described by Butler and Guenee as distinct 

 species are represented in my series, selected from a large 

 number of specimens, and these are so well linked together 

 by intergrades that I have no hesitation in regarding them 

 as simply modifications of one exceedingly variable species. 



Disti'ihvtion. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; 

 Andamans ; Java {Harap)son) ; Japan ; China ; Corea. 



1323. Spirama martlia. 



Hypopyra martlia, Butl, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) i, 

 p. 292 (1878) ; 111. Typ. Lep. Het., ii, p. 41, pi. xxxiv, 

 fig. 3 (1878). 



Spirama wqrota, Butl., Trnns. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 

 p. 197.' 



