162 ZOOLOGY. 



.Lepturidce. Among the genera figured in jilate SI, are Priojiiis {jig. 61), 

 Clytus {figs. 51, 52), Astynomus {fig. 51), /Saj)erda {fig. 56), Leptivra {fig. 

 46), Ifolorchus {fig. 15). In tlie last the elytra are very short, and the 

 wings are not folded nnder them. Serville is the chief authority in the 

 arrangement of the Longicornia. For the sjiecies inhabiting the United 

 States, the papers of Say, Ilaldeman, and Le Conte, may be consulted. 



The PJiytophaga is an extensive group of short and often polished and 

 bright colored insects which inhabit and feed upon plants, and many of the 

 species are destructive to garden vegetables. Latreille divided them into 

 Eupoda (from the size of the posterior feet) and Cyd'ica (from their circular 

 form). The families are: 1, Sagridce ; 2, CrioceridcB ; 3, CassididcB ; 1, 

 Galeriicidce ; 5, Chrysoriielkke. The first and second of these belong to 

 the Eupoda. 



In the Chrysomelidce the antennae are eleven-articulate, and are inserted 

 in front of the eyes ; the head is small, and inserted in the prothorax, which 

 is narrower than the elytra. The colors are generally bright, and resemble 

 polished copper, gold, or steel. There are between six and seven hundred 

 species known. They abound in tropical climates, and are common in 

 temperate regions. 



In the last section, Trhnera {pi. SI, figs. 83-101), of the Coleoptera, the tarsi 

 have three movable and distinct articidations, with the addition of a minute 

 and innnovable one. The species are of a small size, the body is short and 

 often hemispherical, and the antennae are short, with a tri-articulate club. 

 Some feed upon plants, some upon fungi, and others upon the genus Aphis. 

 The families are : ErotyUdce {ClavipaJ^)!, Latr.) ; 2, EndomicMdcB {Fungi- 

 ■cola, Latr.) ; 3, CocclnelUdcB {Apliidipliagl., Latr.). To these some add the 

 PselapMdm^ the characters of which assimilate them to the Braclielytra. 



Earn. 1. ErotyUdce. These insects are sometimes placed at: the end of 

 the preceding section, on account of their tetramerous tarsi. The antennos 

 have eleven articulations, they end in a compressed club, and are usually 

 inserted in front of the eyes. The edges of the elytra are turned in upon 

 the venter laterally, and they are often marked with impressed points. They 

 live upon plants, and the great majority of the species belong to the 

 American continent. The genera Triplux., Laiiguria.^ Erotylus., and Pacne, 

 have representatives in the United States. 



Earn. 2. Endomycliidm. These are found in fungi, both in the larva 

 and imago state. Their size is small, the antennos are eleven-articulate, 

 placed near the eyes, and they are larger than the head and j)rothorax 

 together. Mulsant terms them Sulcicolles^ from the longitudinal grooves 

 of the pronotum. 



Earn. 3. CoccinelUdm {jyL 81, figs. 93-100). Tliis fiimily includes the 

 little hemisj)herical insects known as lady bugs. They are of bright colors, 

 and are often marked with spots. When disturbed they emit a yellow fluid 

 from the joints of the feet, which was formerly supposed to be a specific for 

 the toothache. Tliey feed upon Aphides, but the common large yellow 

 American species with the black spots {Coccinella horealis), eats cucurbi- 

 taceous plants both in its larva and perfect state. These insects pass the 

 866 



