166 ZOOLOGY. 



The body is flattened and robust. The antenna? are short, the posterior 

 feet saltatorial, the tarsi trinieruus, the abdomen has two very short 

 Kppendages, and that of the female is without a prominent ovipositor. 

 These insects produce a strldulation hy rubbing their hinder thighs against 

 the wing-covers, and the large common species of the United States 

 {(Edipoda Carolina), which is found in dry places, such as dusty roads, may 

 be seen liovering a yard or two above the ground over a single spot, the 

 M'ings then producing a fluttering sound which is not heard in its ordinary 

 fliglit. This species is brown, with the wings black, margined with yellow. 



Acrid'mm cristatum {Jig. 81), (Edipoda stridula {fig. 78), 0. cmridescens 

 {fig. 79), 0. migratoria {fig. 80). The last is two inches long, and inhabits 

 central, southern, and eastern Europe, v\'liere it occasionally commits great 

 ravages upon the vegetation. Yarious species are abundantly distributed 

 over various parts of the world. 



Obdee 6. NEUKorTtKA {pi. 79, figs. 54:-70). This is a somewhat irregular 

 mandibulate order, the characters presented by it being varied, and on this 

 account various modifications have been proposed for it. In the Zihelhdidce, 

 the tropin make an approximation to those of the Orthoptera, t(3 which the 

 order has been united by Erichson, whilst Kirby separates the Tnchoptera 

 as a distinct order. The antennae are generally setaceous and short. The 

 four wings have usually reticulate nervures ; they are generally of equal size 

 and consistence, and the posterior pair is not generally folded. The ]3upa 

 is sometimes active and sometimes quiescent. The larvie are hexapod, 

 mostly predaceous, and they are either terrestrial or aquatic. 



Blanchard divides the order into nine tribes, named after the genera 

 TeTmes, Embia, Psocus, Perla, Epliemera, Libellula, Myrmeleon, Raphidia, 

 and Phryganea, the last belonging to one section, and all the rest to 

 another. Westwood (who considers the Tricltoptera to be a distinct order) 

 adopts the following arrangement : 1, Termitidm i '2i,PsocidcB; ^, Perlidce ; 

 4, Epliemeridm ; 5, Lilellulidce ; G, Myrmeleonidae, ', 7, Ilemerobiidoi ; 8, 

 Slalidm; 9, Panoipidw ; 10, Paplmdiidm; 11, 3fantispida\ 



The Thripsidm {pi. 80, fig. 51) form a group of small extent, which 

 Burmeister includes in his great order Gymnognatha. The species 

 are minute and linear, with four narrow and equal wings, deprived of 

 nervures, strongly fringed with long hairs, and not folded. The mouth is 

 mandibulate, the tarsi dimerous and ending in a vesicle, as in some of the 

 lower Araclinida. They are considered hurtful to plants, and it is probable 

 that an American species attacks the human skin, causing an itching like 

 that of Simidium. The pupa? are active, and their aftinities are with the 

 NeuToptera. There are various species in Europe and America. They 

 form Haliday's order Thysanoptera, and include a number of genera. 



The Termitidm include the genus Termes {pi. 79, fig. 56, «, h, <?, d) or 

 white ant, which presents many curious features in its economy. The body 

 is white and oblong, the antenna) short and moniliform, the eyes lateral, 

 the stemmata two in number, and the mouth mandibulate, resembling 

 that of the Ortliop)Ura in having a galea; and the tarsi are four-articulate. 

 They live together in societies composed of various kinds of individuals. 

 STO 



