180 ZOOLOGY. 



forming a triangle. The larvae are naked, and Lave sixteen feet. They 

 feed chiefly upon leaves, the edges of which they roll up into a tube and 

 fasten with silk. In this they readily move backwards and forwards. 



The larva of Carpocapsa pomonella {Jig. 79), known as the apple worm, 

 lives in apples, causing them to fall prematurely. Tortrix viridana {Jig. 

 91) is very destructive to the foliage of oak forests. The larva? of Coccyx 

 resinosa {fig. 7S), and two other species, eat the buds and leaves of pine 

 trees in Germany; and being very abundant, they cause great damage. 

 Sciaphila Uterata {fig. 90), Halias prasinana {fig. 92). 



Fa7n. 4. Pyralidce {pi. 79, figs. 80, 88, 89). These insects are of a small 

 size ; in repose the wings generally form a triangle, and the feet are long, 

 particularly the anterior ones, which are often fasciculate. Ilypena {II. 

 Tostralis., fig. 88) is found in grass ; and the larva, which has fourteen feet, 

 rolls the edges of a leaf in which it undergoes its transformations. Hercyna 

 {Jl.palliotcdis., fig. 80) has a stout body, the wings short and dark satin 

 colored, and the species inhabit mountainous regions in Europe. The larva 

 of Botys {B. verticcdis, fig. 89) has sixteen feet, and has the habits of that 

 of Ilypena. The adult inhabits moist and shady places, and i^generally 

 found upon the lower side of leaves. 



Fam. 5. Geomet/ridcp, {pi. 79, figs. 93-101). The name of this family is 

 derived from the locomotion of the larva?, which, having often but four false 

 feet, and these placed at the posterior extremity, move by stretching the 

 body, holding by their thoracic feet, and then bringing up the posterior 

 portion, forming a loop with the central part ; and when the posterior false 

 feet have taken a new hold, the anterior part is again stretched forward. 

 Some of the larvce have twelve or fourteen fe^t ; they feed upon the leaves 

 of various plants; and like the caterpillars of some other families, they can 

 suspend themselves by a thread. Tlie body of the imago is slender, and the 

 wings are sometimes irregularly shaped, and somewhat varied in their 

 coloring. They are nocturnal, and common in forests. "When disturbed 

 during the day, they fly a short distance, and hide in the herbage. 



The species flgured in pi. 79, are Ahraxis grossidariata {fig. 94), Acidalia 

 hrumata {fig. 93), A. viridata {fi,g. 97), Bocbrmia hortaria {fig. 95), 

 Geometra ptapiUonaria {fig. 96), Crocallis elinguaria {fig. 98), Fidonia 

 wcmaria {fig. 99), Ennomos syringaria {fig. 100), E. alniaria {fig. 101), 

 Ourapteryx sambucdria {fig. 102). 



Fam. 6. Noctuidm {pi. 79, figs. 103-123, 129, 1 36) . In this family the'body 

 is robust, the terguni often with a bunch of hair, the antenna? simple, but 

 sometimes pectinate or crenulate in the males, wings often declivent in repose, 

 and marked in many species with undulating lines. The larvae are generally 

 sixteen-footed, and live upon trees between leaves which they join with silk. 

 The pupa occupies the same places, or a cocoon upon or beneath the earth. 

 The distinctions between many of the genera are slight and difflcult to identify. 

 The mouth is well developed, and the maxilkv? long. The species figured 

 are Ileliothis delpJmiii {fig. 103), Mamestm pisi {fig. lOt), M. oUracea 

 {fig. 105), M. brassiccB {fig. 107), Trachea atripUcis {Jig. 108), 2r. prcacox 

 {fig. Ill), Folia cU {fig. 112), Acronycta rumids {fig. 106), A. psi {fig. 

 384 



