442 ZOOLOGY. 



2. The Chamiparjne race, very large too, body elongated, legs high, head and 

 ears long, the latter pendent; hams proportionally small. 8. The Bavarian 

 race, with delicate structure of the limbs and. fine bristles, generally reddish 

 brown spotted. 4. The Poland race, very large, j^ellowish, with a brown 

 stripe along the back. 5. The Westphalian race, of a considerable size 

 and very j)rolific. 6. Tlie ordinary German race, not very large, white, 

 grey, black, or spotted. 7. The African race, with a compressed, body, 

 straight ears, and remarkably thick and. round hams. 8. The Chinese hog, 

 which has been introduced into England and Germany : it is small, the 

 dorsal line very much elongated, short limbs, a thick belly nearly reaching 

 the ground, a short tail, and an almost naked body. 



Fossil remains of hogs are found in America, Europe, and Asia ; those 

 of Europe belong to the genus Sus proper, those of Asia and Americ* con- 

 stitute the genera Chairotheriuvx and Harlanus. Of the genus Sus seven 

 species are described, whilst others are still doubtful. 



The genus Harlanus contains but one species, first described by Dr. Har- 

 lan . under the name of Sm americanics, found in Georgia associated with 

 bones of mastodonts, elephants, and megatherium. Eemains of the same 

 species have since been discovered in the lead region of Illinois. They 

 resemble more Porcus habyi'ussa than any species of Sus. 



The genus Phacochoerus, or wart-hogs, comprehends hogs of the actual 

 fauna, having molars composed of cylinders cemented together by a kind 

 of cortical substance, very similar to the transverse laminee of those of the 

 elephant, and also succeeding each other from behind. The head is very 

 large ; the tusks, like canines, are inclined laterally upwards, and of a 

 remarkable magnitude. On each of their cheeks hangs down a thick fleshy 

 lobe, rendering them very hideous. The species of this genus are mostly 

 African ; that from the Cape of Good Hope (P. cBthiopicus) is represented 

 on pi. Ill, fig. 7. 



The genus Porcus includes Asiatic living hogs known as babiroussa or 

 habyrussa {p. Ill, fig. 4), as the name has been latinized. They are 

 slender and more elegantly constructed animals than the other members 

 of the family. The canines are conical, and directed upwards and back- 

 wards, almost crescent-shaped. There- are five molars above and five 

 below on each side ; four incisors to the upper jaw and six below. Fossil 

 remains of this genus have been discovered in the Sivalic Mountains 

 (Himalaya), showing once more that genera which have existed during the 

 tertiary epoch and are perpetuated in ours, inhabit nearly the same spot as 

 that upon which they were at first placed. 



The genus Chceroiherium contains one extinct species of hog, from the 

 upper tertiary of the Sivalic Mountains. It is a genus peculiar to that part 

 of the world, and ceased to exist before the establishment of the present 

 creation. It much resembled the hogs. 



The genus Calydonius, from the tertiary beds of Switzerland, resembles 

 somewhat Sus and Phacochoerus ; the canines are provided with a rough 

 and striated vertical band of enamel. Only two species are known. 



Fam. 8. Equid^. With this family we close the series of pachyderms. 

 646 



