TnE DIPTERA. 



367 



the mouth is constructed upon the same plan as that of the 

 Hemiptera^ so far as the conversion of the hibium into an 

 organ of suction is concerned ; but usually the metamorpho- 

 sis of the gnathites is carried still further, and the maxillas 

 have palps. Thus, in the Fleas, which are parasitic on mam- 

 mals and birds, what appears to be the labrum is an elon- 

 gated, slender style, which lies between the two elong^ated 

 mandibles. The first maxillae are broad triangular plates, 

 each with a four-jointed palp. The second maxilhie (labium) 

 are represented by a short median lamella, which bounds the 



Fig. 106. 



Fig. 107. 



Fig. 106.— The head, A, and parts of the mouth, B, C, of Sphinx Hgustri.—a. anten- 

 na; b. epicranium; c, cornea; d, clvpeiis posterior; e, labrum;/, mandible; ff, 

 maxilla ; h, maxillary palpus : k, labial palpus. B, base of the maxillie with the 

 mandibles and labrum. C, lateral view of the same. (After Newport.) 



Fig. 107. — Fo«''-f«« afalanta.— Inner or concave surface of the apical portion of the 

 right maxilla : «, transverse muscles ; b, canal ; c, papillae ; d, hooks which join 

 the maxillae. 



mouth behind, and is provided with two long palps, which 

 resemble knife-blades, and are imperfectly divided into four 

 joints. The three somites of the thorax are distinct, and the 

 two hinder ones have lamellar appendages, which possibly 

 represent wings. The abdomen has ten somites.^ 



In those dipterous insects which are termed Pupipara^ 

 which are apterous, or nearly so, and parasitic upon mam- 



' Bee L. Landois, " Anatomic des Hundeflohes," 1866. 



