THE POLYZOA. 



391 



body is developed greatly in excess of the neural face. A 

 wide perivisceral cavity occupies the interval between the 

 alimentary canal and the parietes of the body, and sometimes 



Fia. IIB.—Plumatella repens.—A single cell more macr.ified : a, ectocyst ; b, etido- 

 cyst ; m, calyx at the base of the ciliated teutacula borne by the disk or lopho- 

 phore ; k, mouth ; /, gullet ; gr (/, stomach ; h, intestine ; ^, anus ; n, muscles; W, 

 nervous ganglion ; s, statoblasts ; 0, funiculus. (Alter AUmau.) 



the walls of this cavity are ciliated. Verj^ generally, the 

 gastric division of the alimentary canal is connected with 

 the parietes of the body by a sort of ligament, the funi- 

 culus^ or g astro-parietal hand. Circular and longitudinal mus- 

 cular fibres, which frequently exhibit distinct transverse stria- 

 tions, may be developed in the body-wall ; and there are usual- 

 ly special muscles for the retraction of the lophophore within 

 the cell, and others for the closing and opening of the oper- 

 cular apparatus, w^ith which many species are provided. 



dinary position of the animals. I therefore term that face of the body on 

 which the chief nervous centres, or the pedal ganglia (when such are separately 

 distinguishable), are placed, neural^ and the opposite hamal. 



