1911] Alexander — Synonymical and Other Notes on the Tipiilidw (Diptera) 193 



Conchology" (Vol. Ill, p. 92, 1884), gives Limnophila, Hart- 

 mann, as a synonym of the suborder Hygrophila, Ferrusac (order 

 Basommatophora) . Dr. Paul Fischer in his great work, "Manuel 

 de Conchyhologie et de Paleontologie Conchyologique (Paris, 

 1887, p. 503) concerning the suborder Hygrophila, states that the 

 suborder Limnophila is a synonym. 



It is, of course, possible that a genus Limnophila was erected in 

 the Mollusca in 1828, in which case the name of the Tipulid genus 

 would become Limnomya, Rond., this being the first term applied 

 to the genus as a whole, although the sub-genera Elceophila, Ron- 

 dani ('56); Lasiomastex, O.S. ('60); Prionolabis, O.S. ('60); Dac- 

 tylolabis, O.S. ('60) and Dicranophragma, O.S. ('60) were erected 

 before this genus. One, Idioptera, Macq. (Nat. Hist. Dipt., I, 

 p. 94) was proposed even before Limnophila. However, these 

 names are used by many authorities as full genera, and by others 

 as sub-genera, all applying to groups of species contained in the 

 old genus Limnophila. If any change should have to be made, 

 it would be better to use the name which first covers the genus as 

 a whole. 



If there is no genus Limnophila in the Mollusca prior to 1834, 

 then the Tipulid name is perfectly valid because that section of 

 the rules of nomenclature that deals with synonymy decrees that 

 "the laws of synonymy appertain only to genera, subgenera, 

 species and sub-species" and consequently the Suborder Lim- 

 nophila is outside the field. 



The late Mr. D. W. Coquillet on p. 590 of his invaluable publi- 

 cation, "The Type species of the North American genera of Dip- 

 tera"^ has placed the American species of the genus Limnophila in 

 Bigot's genus Phylidorea (Bigot, Synoptic Table, etc., p. 456). ^ As 

 explained by Osten Sacken (Studies on Tipulidse, pt. II, p. 234, 

 235)^ the genus Phylidorea is merely a synonym of Limnophila. 



Bigot, 1. c, p. 456, states that " the species of Limnophila, 

 Macq., provided with a discal cell are my true Tipulidce and re- 

 ceive the new generic name, Phylidorea, Bigot." But Osten 

 Sacken, 1. c, p. 235, remarks, "what species Mr. Bigot places in 



»Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. Vol. 37, pp. 499-647 (1910). 



'Bigot. Ann. Soc. Entom., France, pp. 447-482 (1854). 



•Osten Sacken, C. R., Berliner Entom. Zeitschr., Bd. XXXI, Heit II, pp. 163-242 (1887). 



